EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL NEEM (Azadirachta indica) AND GARLIC (Allium sativum) ON GROWTH AND CARCASS YIELD OF FINISHING BROILER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i2.1693Keywords:
Neem, garlic, broilers, performance, carcass characteristicsAbstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets containing Neem Leaf Meal (NLM), Garlic Meal (GM) and their combinations (NLM + GM) on growth performance and carcass yield of finishing broiler. A total of 180 day-old Cobb broiler chickens were divided into twelve groups of fifteen chicks with three replicate of five chicks each. The diet contained NLM, GM and NLM + GM at four levels of inclusion (0mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 1500mg/kg). The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial layout in a completely randomized design. Additives and levels of inclusion had no significant (P>0.05) influence on performance parameters except feed intake which was influenced (p<0.05) by NLM + GM and 1000mg/kg levels of inclusion. Final live weight (2516.67g/bird), weight gain (1742.00g/bird), daily weight gain (62.2g/bird/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.32) were improved (p<0.05) at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion of NLM + GM. Thigh (11.68%), wings (8.44), neck (4.23%) and gizzard (2.13%) of birds fed GM were improved (P<0.05) than those of NLM. Carcass weight was influenced (p<0.05) by additives at various inclusion levels with wings (9.01%), head (3.39%), neck (4.52%), shanks (4.49%) and gizzard (2.42%) highest (p<0.05) in birds fed GM at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion than those of 0mg/kg levels of inclusion. It was concluded that the use of NLM + GM as additives yielded commendable result on performance and carcass weight of finishing broiler birds This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets containing Neem Leaf Meal (NLM), Garlic Meal (GM) and their combinations (NLM + GM) on growth performance and carcass yield of finishing broiler. A total of 180 day-old Cobb broiler chickens were divided into twelve groups of fifteen chicks with three replicate of five chicks each. The diet contained NLM, GM and NLM + GM at four levels of inclusion (0mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 1500mg/kg). The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial layout in a completely randomized design. Additives and levels of inclusion had no significant (P>0.05) influence on performance parameters except feed intake which was influenced (p<0.05) by NLM + GM and 1000mg/kg levels of inclusion. Final live weight (2516.67g/bird), weight gain (1742.00g/bird), daily weight gain (62.2g/bird/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.32) were improved (p<0.05) at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion of NLM + GM. Thigh (11.68%), wings (8.44), neck (4.23%) and gizzard (2.13%) of birds fed GM were improved (P<0.05) than those of NLM. Carcass weight was influenced (p<0.05) by additives at various inclusion levels with wings (9.01%), head (3.39%), neck (4.52%), shanks (4.49%) and gizzard (2.42%) highest (p<0.05) in birds fed GM at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion than those of 0mg/kg levels of inclusion. It was concluded that the useof NLM + GM as additives yielded commendable result on performance and carcass weight of finishing broiler birdsKeywords: Neem, garlic, broilers, performance, carcass characteristics.
References
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Elangovan, A. V., Verma, S.V.S, Sastry., V.R.B and Singh, S.D. 2001. Effect of feeding neem (Azadirachta indica) kernel meal on growth, nutrient utilization and physiology of Japanese quails (Coturnix cotrnix japonica) Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal. Science. 13(9): 1272-1277.
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Fanimo, O.A., Mudama, E., Umutoro, T.O. and Oduguwa, O.O. 1996. Substitution of shrimp waste meal for fish meal in broiler chicken rations. Tropical. Agriculture. (Trinidad). 73:201-205.
Google Earth. 2012. Assessed 26/06/2015 http://www.google.earth
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Koul, A., Ghara, A. R. and Gangar, S. C. 2006. Chemo-modulatory effects of Azadirachta indica on the hepatic status of skin tumor bearing mice. Journal of International. Science. 20(3): 169-77.
Kumar, O.M. 1991. Effects of Liv-52® syrup on broiler performance in North Eastern region, Indian Poultry Review, April 22, 37-38.
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Mukhtar, A.M. 2007. The effects of feeding Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed on Broiler Chicks Performance. Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2: 21-23.
Odeniya, A.J. 2002. Effects of nutrias xylanaseon the replacement value of rumen content formanize in the diets of weaner pig. B. Agric Project. Submitted to the Department. Animal Production. University of Ilorin.
Onyimonyi, A.E., Olabode A. and Okeke, G.C. 2009. Performance and economic characteristics of broilers fed varying dietary levels of neem leaf meal (Azadirachta indica). International Journal of Poultry Science, 8(3): 256-259.
Raeesi, M., Hoeini-Aliabad, S.A., Roofchaee, A., Zare Shahneh, A. and Pirali, S. 2010. Effects of periodically use of garlic (Allium sativum) power on performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 68, 1213- 1219.
Sadekar R. D., Kolte.A.Y, Barmase B.S and Desi, V.F. 1998. Immuno-potentiating effects of Azadirechta indica (Neem) dry leaves powder in broiler, naturally infected with IBD virus. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 36(11): 1151-3.
Sogunle, O.M., Ekunseitan, D.A., Adeoti, M.T., Iyanda, A.I and Fanimo, A.O. 2009. Performance and carcass characteristics of two strains of broilers chicken fed three different commercial feeds. Journal of Applied Agriculture Resources., 1: 53-59.
Soliman, A.Z.M, Ali, M.A and Zeinab, M.A. 2003. Effects of Marjoram-bacitracinactive yeast as feed additive on the performance and microbial content of the broiler intestinal tract. Egypt Poultry Science Journal, 23 (11):445-467.
SAS, 2000. Institute Inc. SAS Technical Report Package 2234 SAS/STAT Software. The GEMOD Procedure. Release 6.09. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.USA.
Svihus, B. 2011. The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability. World’s Poultry Science Journal., 67(2): 207-223.
Tollba, A.A.H. and Hassan, M.S.H. 2003. Using some natural additives to improve physiological and productive performance of broiler chicks under high temperature conditions. Black cumin (niglla sativa) or Garlic (allium sativum). Poultry Science, 23, 327-340.
Yang, Y., Iji P.A. and Choct, M. 2009. Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. World's Poultry Science Journal, 65, 97-114.
Ankri, S., Mirelman, D. 1999. Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes and infection, 2, 125-129.
Babu M., Gajendran K., Sheriff F.R and Srinivasan, G. 1992. Crown Growfit® supplementation in broilers improved their performance. Indian Poultry Review, May 23, 27-28.
Bamgbose., A.M. and Niba, A.T. 1998. Performance of broiler chicken fed cotton seed cake in starter and finisher rations. In Ologhobo A.D. and Iyayi E.A. (editors), the Nigerian livestock in the 21st century, proceedings of 3rd annual conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN), September 22-24 1998, Lagos Pp84-87.
Barton, M.D. 1998. Does the use of antibiotics in animal affect human health? Australian Veterinary Journal. 76:177-180.
Biswas K., Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee R.K and Bandyopadhyay, U. 2002. Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Journal Current Science. 82(11):1336-1345.
Chowdhury, S.R.‚ Chowdhury, S. D and Smith, T.K. 2002. Effects of Dietary Garlic on Cholesterol Metabolism in Laying Hens. Poultry Science 81:1856–1862.
Corcoran, B. M., Stanton, C., Fitzgerald, G. F and Ross, R. P. 2005. Survival of probiotic lactobacilli in acidic environments is enhanced in the presence of metabolizable sugars. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 3060-3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.6.3060-3067.2005
Cullen, S. P., Monahan F. J., Callan J. J and O’Doherty, J. V. 2005. The effect of dietary garlic and rosemary on grower-finisher pig performance and sensory characteristics of pork, Irish Journal of Agricultural. Food Research. 44: 57-67.
Deepak G., Jogi S., Kumar A. Bais R and Vikas, K. S. 2002. Effect of herbal liver stimulants on efficacy of feed utilization in commercial broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 36, 1, 43-45.
Demir, E., Sarica, S., Ozcan, M.A., and Suicmez, M. 2003. The use of natural feed additives as alternatives for an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. British. Journal. Poultry Science. 44:S44 S45.
Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometerics 11:1-42.
Elangovan, A. V., Verma, S.V.S, Sastry., V.R.B and Singh, S.D. 2001. Effect of feeding neem (Azadirachta indica) kernel meal on growth, nutrient utilization and physiology of Japanese quails (Coturnix cotrnix japonica) Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal. Science. 13(9): 1272-1277.
El-Ghamry, A. A. 2004. Effect of some medicinal plants and live yeast as feed additives on the productive performance of muscovi ducks. Egypt. Poultry. Science. Journal. 24 (III): 639-653.
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 1980. Volume. 10, 3rd edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 477 – 480.
Esonu, B.O., Opara M.N., Okoli I.C., Obikaonu H.O., Udedibie C. and Iheshiulor, O.O.M. 2006. Physiological responses of laying birds to Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal based diets, body weight, organ characteristics and haematology. Life Science Journal 4(2):37-41.
Fanimo, O.A., Mudama, E., Umutoro, T.O. and Oduguwa, O.O. 1996. Substitution of shrimp waste meal for fish meal in broiler chicken rations. Tropical. Agriculture. (Trinidad). 73:201-205.
Google Earth. 2012. Assessed 26/06/2015 http://www.google.earth
Jahan Z. A., Ahsan U. H., Muhammad Y., Tanveer A and Sarzamin, K. 2008. Evaluation of different medicinal plants as growth promoters for broiler chicks. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 24, 2, 323-329.
Konjufca, V. H., Pesti G.M. and Bakalli, R.I. 1997. Modulation of cholesterol levels in broiler meat by dietary garlic and copper. Poultry. Science. 76:1264–1271.
Koul, A., Ghara, A. R. and Gangar, S. C. 2006. Chemo-modulatory effects of Azadirachta indica on the hepatic status of skin tumor bearing mice. Journal of International. Science. 20(3): 169-77.
Kumar, O.M. 1991. Effects of Liv-52® syrup on broiler performance in North Eastern region, Indian Poultry Review, April 22, 37-38.
Lee, M.H, Lee H. J, and Ryu, P.D. 2001. Public Health Risks: Chemical and Antibiotic Residues Review. Asian–Austral. Journal of Animal Science.14:402-413.
Mansoub, N.H. 2010. Effects probiotic bacteria utilization on serum cholesterol and triglycerides contents and performance of broiler chickens. Global Veterinaria, 5 (3), 184-186.
Mishra S.J. and Singh, D. S. 2000. Effect of feeding root powder of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (aswagandha) on growth, feed consumption, efficiency of feed conversion and mortality rate in broiler chicks. Bioved. (annual), 11, 79-83.
Mukhtar, A.M. 2007. The effects of feeding Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed on Broiler Chicks Performance. Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2: 21-23.
Odeniya, A.J. 2002. Effects of nutrias xylanaseon the replacement value of rumen content formanize in the diets of weaner pig. B. Agric Project. Submitted to the Department. Animal Production. University of Ilorin.
Onyimonyi, A.E., Olabode A. and Okeke, G.C. 2009. Performance and economic characteristics of broilers fed varying dietary levels of neem leaf meal (Azadirachta indica). International Journal of Poultry Science, 8(3): 256-259.
Raeesi, M., Hoeini-Aliabad, S.A., Roofchaee, A., Zare Shahneh, A. and Pirali, S. 2010. Effects of periodically use of garlic (Allium sativum) power on performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 68, 1213- 1219.
Sadekar R. D., Kolte.A.Y, Barmase B.S and Desi, V.F. 1998. Immuno-potentiating effects of Azadirechta indica (Neem) dry leaves powder in broiler, naturally infected with IBD virus. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 36(11): 1151-3.
Sogunle, O.M., Ekunseitan, D.A., Adeoti, M.T., Iyanda, A.I and Fanimo, A.O. 2009. Performance and carcass characteristics of two strains of broilers chicken fed three different commercial feeds. Journal of Applied Agriculture Resources., 1: 53-59.
Soliman, A.Z.M, Ali, M.A and Zeinab, M.A. 2003. Effects of Marjoram-bacitracinactive yeast as feed additive on the performance and microbial content of the broiler intestinal tract. Egypt Poultry Science Journal, 23 (11):445-467.
SAS, 2000. Institute Inc. SAS Technical Report Package 2234 SAS/STAT Software. The GEMOD Procedure. Release 6.09. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.USA.
Svihus, B. 2011. The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability. World’s Poultry Science Journal., 67(2): 207-223.
Tollba, A.A.H. and Hassan, M.S.H. 2003. Using some natural additives to improve physiological and productive performance of broiler chicks under high temperature conditions. Black cumin (niglla sativa) or Garlic (allium sativum). Poultry Science, 23, 327-340.
Yang, Y., Iji P.A. and Choct, M. 2009. Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. World's Poultry Science Journal, 65, 97-114.
