EFFECT OF ORGANO- BASED FOLIAR FERTILIZER ON CHLOROPHYLL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OKRA VARIETIES IN DERIVED SAVANAH OF NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v19i1.2019Keywords:
Chlorophyll, Ash content (%), fat content (%), Crude fibre content (%), Crude protein content (%), Moisture content (%), carbohydrate content (%)Abstract
Cultivation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) which is a commonly grown vegetable crop in the tropics is constrained by depleting soil fertility. Use of foliar fertilizer as a supplement has been successfully reported in the temperate region hence there is need to determine the effect of foliar liquid fertilizer on okra growth and nutritional quality. Field experiments were conducted at the Abeokuta (Federal University of Agriculture [FUNAAB] ) and Ibadan (National Horticulture Research Institute [NIHORT] ), between May and August 2015 to evaluate the response of two okra varieties to types and rates of organic-based foliar fertilizer application. Experiment was a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial combinations laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates at both locations. Factors were okra variety (LD88 and NHae47-4), the fertilizer types (D.I. Grow Green ® and D.I.Grow Red®) and four rate of foliar applications (0 [control], 300, 600 and 900 ml/ha) while NPK 15:15:15 served as check. The results showed that the D.I.Grow Red® at 300ml/ha produced the higher Ash (8.23%), fat (2.54%,), moisture (14.65%), and carbohydrate (47.31%) at Abeokuta while 600 ml/ha produced significantly the higher ash, crude fibre, moisture and carbohydrate (9.37%, 15.94%, 9.13%, and 52.02%), respectively in Ibadan. The study concluded that okra variety LD88 had superior growth performance. Application of D.I.Grow Red® at the rate of 300 ml/ha at Abeokuta and 600 ml/ha at Ibadan enhance fruit nutritional quality of okra. Therefore, 300 and 600 ml/ha is recommended to farmers in Abeokuta and Ibadan, respectively.
References
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Naruka, I. S., Gujar, K.D., Lal, G. 2000. Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Pusasawani Haryana. Journal of Horticultural Science, 29 (3/4): 266-267.
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Okalebo, J.R., Gathua, K.W., Woomer, P.L., 1993. Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual. Nairobi: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme.
Omotoso S.O., Shittu O.S. 2007. Effect of NPK Fertilizer Rates and Method of Application on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) at Ado-Ekiti Southwestern, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Research (2): 614-619.
Palm, C.A., Myer, J.K., Nandwa, S.M. 1993. Combined Use of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources for Soil Fertility Maintenance and Replenishment. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication (51): 193-217.
Pearson, D. H., Egan, R.S. Kirk., R. Sawyer, 1981.Pearson’s Chemical Analysis of Food. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston.
Prochnow, L.I. 2008. Optimizing Nutrient Use in Low Fertility Soils of the Tropics. Better Crops 92(3):19 – 21 http://www.ipni.net/bettercrops
Reuveni, M., Reuveni, R. 1995. Efficacy of Foliar Sprays of Phosphates in Controlling Powdery Mildews in Field Grown Nectarine, Mango Trees and Grapevines. Crop Protection. (14): 311 -314
Schippers, R.R. 2000. Africa Indigenous Vegetable an Overview of the Cultivated Species. National Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom, pp 214.
Sharma, R.K., Kumart, M. 2011. Journal of Environmental Biology (26): 301-313.
Shukla, V., Nailk, L.B. 1993.Agro-Technique for Malvaceae Vegetables, In: Ifovance in horticulture, Volume 5. Malhotra publishing house, New Delhi, India, pp 399-425.
Siemonsma, J.S. 1982. The Cultivation of Okra (Abelmoschus spp.), Tropical Fruit-Vegetable (with special reference to the Ivory Coast). D.H.O. Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherland. pp 297.
Tindall. H. D. 1983. Vegetables in the Tropics. McMillan AVI. pp. 33, 325-327.
Udoh, D.J., Ndon, B.A., Asuquo, P.E., Ndaeyo, N.U. 2005. Crop Production Techniques for the Tropics. Concept publisher, Lagos, Nigeria. pp 223-247.
Varmudy, V. 2011. Marketing Survey Needed to Boost Okra Exports. Department of Economic, Vive Kananda College, Puttur Karnataka. Pp:102-131.
Adeboye, O.C., Oputa, C.O. 1996. Effect of Galex on Growth and Fruit Nutrient Composition of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Ife Journal of Agriculture 18 (1&2): 1 – 9.
Adeyemi, O.R., Smith, M.A. K., Ojeniyi, S.O. 2008. Effect of Land Preparation Techniques on Weed Control Effectiveness in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) Moench. Nigerian Journal of Weed Science (21):72-83
Akpambang, V.O., Amoo, E., Izuagie, I.A. 2008. Comparative Compositional Analysis on Two Varieties of Melon (Colocynthis citrullus and Cucumeropsis) and a Variety of Almond (Prunus amygdalus). Resource Journal of Agricultural Biological Science (4): 639-642.
Alkaff, H. A., Hassan, A. A. 2003. Effect of Bio- fertilizer, Organic Fertilizer and Foliar Application of Power 4 on the Growth and Yield of Okra Plants. Journal of National Applied Sciences 7 (2): 25-35.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990.Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists. 18th Edition., Washington DC.
Babatunde, R.O., Omotosho, O.A., Sholatan, O.S. 2007. Socio-economic Characteristics and Food Security of Farming Households in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Pakistain Journal of Nutrition (6): 49-58.
Bakhru, H.K. 2003. Foods that heal: The Natural way to good health. Orient paperbacks, Delhi, pp 82 – 90.
Bamire, A.S., Oke, J.T. 2003.Profitability of Vegetable Farming under Rainy and Dry Season Production in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Vegetable Crop Production (9):11 – 18
Brady, C. and Weils, R. R. 1999.Nature and Properties of Soil, Twelfth Edition, Prentice Hall, New Delhi pp 74 – 114.
Burkil, H.M. 1997. The Useful Plants of West Africa 2nd Edition. Volume 4, Families M-R, Royal Botanical Garden. Kew United Kingdom. pp. 969
Chattopadhyay, S. B., Mukhopadhyay, T. P., Thapa, U. 2003. Response of Foliar Feeding of Boron and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Okra in Terai Zone of West Bengal Environmental Ecology 21 (3): 702-705.
Dada, O. A., Fayinminnu, O.O. 2010. Period of Weed Control in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as Influenced by Varying Rates of Cattle Dung and Weeding Regimes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici- Napoca (38): 149 -154.
Dikwahal, H.D., Haggai, P.T., Aliyu, L. 2006. Effects of Sowing Date and Plant Population Density on Growth and Yield of Two Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Varieties in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Science (11): 56-62.
Dynapharm Intenational Manual. 2003 In: Organic Plus Fertilizer Dynapharm “Health is Wealth” 2016.
Edet, G.E., Etim, N.A. 2007. Gender Role in Fluted Pumpkin (Telferia occidentalis) Production in Akwa Ibom State. Proceeding of the 41st Annual Conference of the Agricultural society of Nigeria (ASN) pp 612 – 615.
Eke, K.A., Essien, B.A., Ogbu, J.U. 2008. Determination of Optimum Planting Time of okra (Abelmoschus esculantus) Cultivars in the Derived Savannah. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN). Pp 242 – 245.
Fageria, N. K., Filhoa, M. P. B., Moreirab, A., Guimaresa, C. M. 2009. Foliar Fertilization of Crop Plants. Journal Plant Nutrition 32 (6): 1044 –1064.
Farinde, A. J., Owolarafe, O. K., Ogungbemi, O. I. 2001. An Overview of Production, Processing, Marketing, and Utilization of Okra in Egbedore Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Agricultural Engineering International. The CIGR E Journal,,Volume 4 pp.1–17.
Fashina, A.S., Olatunji, K.A., Alasiri K.O. 2002. Effect of Different Plant Populations and Poultry Manure on the Yield of Ugu (Telfaira occidentalis) in Lagos State, Nigeria, In: Proceedings of Annual Conference of Horticultural Society of Nigeria (HORTSON), 14- 17th May 2002; NIHORT Ibadan, Nigeria.
Iyagba, A.G., Onuegbu, B.A., Ibe , A.E. 2013. Growth and Yield Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esuculentus (L.) Moench) to NPK Fertilizer Rates and Weed Interference in South Eastern Nigeria. International Resources Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science 3(9): 328 – 335.
Kadum, E.A.H. 2011. Effect of Spraying Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of three Potato Cultivar. M.Sc. Thesis in Agric College, Busogo Campus. Kufa University.
Kannan, S. 2010. Foliar Fertilization for Sustainable Crop Production. Sustainable Agriculture reviews, Genetic Engineering, Bio fertilization, Soil quality and Organic Farming, 4 (6): 371-402
Naruka, I. S., Gujar, K.D., Lal, G. 2000. Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Pusasawani Haryana. Journal of Horticultural Science, 29 (3/4): 266-267.
National Research Council (NRC) 2006. Lost Crops of Africa: Volume 11: Vegetable, National Academic Press. Washington DC. USA ISBN: 0-309-66582- (5): 378.
Naz, R. M., Muhammad, S., Hamid, A., Bibi F. 2012. Effect of Boron on the Flowering and Fruiting of Tomato. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 28(1): 37–40
Ngbede SO, Ibekwe HN, Okpara SC, Onyegbule, U.N., Adejumo L, 2014.An Overview of Okra Production, Processing, Marketing, Utilization and Constraints in Ayaragu in Ivo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4(4):136-143.
Okalebo, J.R., Gathua, K.W., Woomer, P.L., 1993. Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual. Nairobi: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme.
Omotoso S.O., Shittu O.S. 2007. Effect of NPK Fertilizer Rates and Method of Application on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) at Ado-Ekiti Southwestern, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Research (2): 614-619.
Palm, C.A., Myer, J.K., Nandwa, S.M. 1993. Combined Use of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources for Soil Fertility Maintenance and Replenishment. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication (51): 193-217.
Pearson, D. H., Egan, R.S. Kirk., R. Sawyer, 1981.Pearson’s Chemical Analysis of Food. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston.
Prochnow, L.I. 2008. Optimizing Nutrient Use in Low Fertility Soils of the Tropics. Better Crops 92(3):19 – 21 http://www.ipni.net/bettercrops
Reuveni, M., Reuveni, R. 1995. Efficacy of Foliar Sprays of Phosphates in Controlling Powdery Mildews in Field Grown Nectarine, Mango Trees and Grapevines. Crop Protection. (14): 311 -314
Schippers, R.R. 2000. Africa Indigenous Vegetable an Overview of the Cultivated Species. National Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom, pp 214.
Sharma, R.K., Kumart, M. 2011. Journal of Environmental Biology (26): 301-313.
Shukla, V., Nailk, L.B. 1993.Agro-Technique for Malvaceae Vegetables, In: Ifovance in horticulture, Volume 5. Malhotra publishing house, New Delhi, India, pp 399-425.
Siemonsma, J.S. 1982. The Cultivation of Okra (Abelmoschus spp.), Tropical Fruit-Vegetable (with special reference to the Ivory Coast). D.H.O. Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherland. pp 297.
Tindall. H. D. 1983. Vegetables in the Tropics. McMillan AVI. pp. 33, 325-327.
Udoh, D.J., Ndon, B.A., Asuquo, P.E., Ndaeyo, N.U. 2005. Crop Production Techniques for the Tropics. Concept publisher, Lagos, Nigeria. pp 223-247.
Varmudy, V. 2011. Marketing Survey Needed to Boost Okra Exports. Department of Economic, Vive Kananda College, Puttur Karnataka. Pp:102-131.
