PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS UNDER SAWAH SYSTEM OF INLAND VALLEYS IN NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1914Keywords:
Physico-chemical properties, geological fertilization, sawah, inland valleysAbstract
This study investigated the physico-chemical and geochemical properties of soils under sawah in Nigeria. It was found that soils under sawah were majorly sandy loam to sandy clay loam having acidic reactions, low exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na. These soils were deficient in available P, SiO2, S, Total Nitrogen and Total Carbon while SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 dominated total elemental composition, accounting for a cumulative average of 96.16%. Except total elemental TiO2 and K2O which showed average values >1%, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O and P2O5 showed average values <1%. Soils under sawah exhibited intermediated to extreme weathering degree with majority of the soil sampled falling into the category of extreme weathering. With extreme degree of weathering, rapid loss of mobile species such as basic cations from soil is imminent which may account for the results observed in this study. Thus, combination of conservative agricultural practices is recommended.
References
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Buri, M.M., Masunaga, T., Ishida. F., Kubota, D., Wakatsuki, T. 1999. Soils of flood plains in West Africa: general fertility status. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 45: 37–50.
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Enwezor, W.O. 1976. Sulfur deficiencies in soils of southeastern Nigeria. Geoderma 15:
401–411.
Fedo, C.M., Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M. 1995. Unravelling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology 23: 921-924.
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NAMIS, 2004. Nigeria Agricultural Marketing News Bulletin No. 4. www.afmin.net.
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Olayemi, J.K, 1997. The Nigerian Rice Industry: Performance, Problems and Prospects. A Research Report prepared for FAO, Rome, December.
Osiname, O.A., Kang, B.T. 1975. Responses of rice to sulfur application under upland conditions. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6: 585–598.
Oyediran, G.O. 1990. Genesis, classification and potential productivity of selected wetlands in the savanna ecosystem of Nigeria. PhD Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.
Pereir, A.J., Chavan, A.S., Varade, P.A. 1986. Physico-chemical properties and micronutrient status of the Mango orchard hill soil of Konkan. J. Maharastra Agric. Univ., 11(2): 134–136.
Sumida, H. 1992. Silicon supplying capacity of paddy soils and characteristics of silicon uptake by rice plants in cool regions in Japan. Bull. Tohoku. Agric. Exp. Stn. 85: 1–46 (in Japanese with English summary).
Wakatsuki T, Shimura Y, Otoo E, Olaniyan, G. O. 1998. African-based sawah system for the integrated watershed management of small inland valleys of West Africa. FAO Water Report 17: 56–79.
Wakatsuki, T., Masunaga, T. 2005. Ecological engineering for sustainable food production and the restoration of degraded watersheds in tropics of low pH soils: focus on West Africa. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 51: 629–636.
West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), 1997. Annual report 1996. West African Rice Development Authority (WARDA), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, pp. 69.
West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), 2003. Strategy for rice sector revitalization in Nigeria. Project Report WARDA, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, 14p.
Yamaguchi, J. 1997. Sulfur status of rice and lowland soils in West Africa. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘‘Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food production and Environment’’, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 813–814.
Yanai, M., Yoshida, Y., Shimizu, Y. 1996. Colorimetric determina- tion of acetate buffer extractable silicic acid with Imaizumi–Yoshida method. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 67, 69–70. (In Japanese with English summary).
Yichu, G., Baifan, J., Rukun, L. 1984. Effect of weathering on the transformation and availability of phosphorus in different fractions of particle size of main soils of China. Act a Pedologica Sinica 2: 134-143.
Annan-Afful, E, Iwashima N, Otoo, E., Owusu-Sekyere, E., Osafredu, A.K., Kamidohzono. A., Masunaga T, Wakatsuki T, 2004. Land Use Dynamics and Nutrient Characteristics of soils and plants along topo-sequences in inland valley watersheds of Ashanti region, Ghana. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 50: 633–647.
Bello, A, 2004. Nigeria imported $US700 million rice in 2003: Federal Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development –Mallam Adamu Bello in Nigerian Tribune Newspaper. Monday 7th July, 2004.
Bollich, P.K., Matichenkov, V.V 2002. Silicon status of selected Louisiana rice and sugarcane soils. Proceedings of the Second Silicon in Agriculture Conference, 22–26 August 2002, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan, pp. 50–53.
Bray, R.H., Kurtz, L.T 1945. Determination of total, organic and available phosphorus in soils. Baltimore. Soils Science, 59, 39- 45.
Buri, M.M, Masunaga, T., Wakatsuki, T 2000. Sulfur and zinc levels as limiting factors to rice production in West Africa lowlands. Geoderma 94: 23–42.
Buri, M.M., Masunaga, T., Ishida. F., Kubota, D., Wakatsuki, T. 1999. Soils of flood plains in West Africa: general fertility status. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 45: 37–50.
Chabra, G., Srivastava, P.C., Ghosh, D., Agnihotra, A.K. 1996. Distribution of available micronutrient cations as related to soil properties in different soil zones of gala KosiInter basin. Crop Res. 11: 296–303.
Enwezor, W.O. 1976. Sulfur deficiencies in soils of southeastern Nigeria. Geoderma 15:
401–411.
Fedo, C.M., Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M. 1995. Unravelling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology 23: 921-924.
FAO, 1994. Improved Upland Rice Farming Systems. (ed) H.K. Parden, Rome.
GAIN, 2011. Nigeria Rice Trade – Quarterly. GAIN Report Number: NI1012
Hirose, S., Wakatsuki, T. 2002. Restoration of inland valley ecosystems in West Africa.
Norin Tokei Kyokai (Association of Agriculture & Forestry Statistics), Tokyo, pp. 572.
Husnain, H., Wakatsuki, T., Setyorini, D., Hermansah, K.S, Masunaga, T. 2008. Silica availability in soils and river water in two watersheds on Java Island, Indonesia Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 54: 916–927.
Iler, R.K. 1979. The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Imaizumi, K., Yoshida, S., 1958. Edaphological studies on silicon supplying power of paddy field. Bull. Natl Inst. Agric. Sci., 8: 261–304.
IITA, 1979. Selected methods for soil and plant analysis. Manu. Ser. No. 1, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria.
IITA. 1990. Annual report 1989/90 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria.
IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). 2000 Rice Web http://oryza.com/
africa/nigeria/index.shtml
IRRI, 2001. Delivery for Impact: The dissemination of rice-related knowledge and technology. International Rice Research Institute, (IRRI), Los Barlos, Philippines.
Ishizuka, Y., Hayakawa, Y., 1951. Resistance of rice plant to the Imochi disease (rice blast disease) in relation to its silica and magnesia contents. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant. Nutr. 21: 253–260 (in Japanese with English summary).
Issaka, R.N., Masunaga, T., Kosaki, T., Wakatsuki, T. 1996. Soils of inland valleys in West Africa: General fertility parameters. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 42: 71–80.
Kang, B.T., Okoro, E., Acquaye, D., Osiname, O.A. 1981. Sulfur status of some Nigerian soils from the savanna and forest zones. Soil Sci. 132 (3): 220–227.
Kawashima, R. 1927. The preventing effect of SiO2 for the “Imochi” sickness of paddy rice. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant. Nutr. 1: 86–91 (in Japanese).
Lair GJ, Zehetner F, Khan ZH, Gerzabek MH, 2009. Phosphorus sorption–desorption in alluvial soils of a young weathering sequence at the Danube River. Geoderma, 149: 39–44.
Lund, E.D., Christy, C.D., Drummond, P.E. 1999. Practical applications of soil electrical conductivity mapping. Proc. 2nd European Conference on Precision Agriculture. 11 – 15 July 1999. Denmark.
Ma, J.F., Miyake, Y., Takahashi, E. 2001. Silicon as a beneficial element for crop plants. In Silicon in Agriculture. Eds LE Datnoff, GH Snyder and GH Korndörfer, pp. 17–39. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
McLean, E.O. 1982. Soils pH and lime requirement. In Methods of Soils Analysis, No 9, Part 2. Eds Al Page, H Miller and DR Keeney, pp. 199–209. American Society of Agronomy, Incorporation, Soil Science Society of America, Incorportion Publisher, Madison.
Miyake, Y., Takahashi, E.1983. Effect of silicon on the growth of solution-cultured cucumber plant. Soil Sci. Plant. Nutr. 29: 71–83.
NAMIS, 2004. Nigeria Agricultural Marketing News Bulletin No. 4. www.afmin.net.
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Page, A. L.; Miller, R.H.; Keeney, D. R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 539-579.
Ogasawara, M. 1987. Trace element analysis of rock samples by X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry, using Rh anode tube. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan, 38(2), 57–68.
Oladele, O.I., Wakatsuki, T, 2010. Missing prerequisites for green revolution in Africa: Lessons and challenges of sawah rice eco-technology development and dissemination in Nigeria and Ghana. J Food, Agric. Environ. 8 (2): 1014-1018.
Olayemi, J.K, 1997. The Nigerian Rice Industry: Performance, Problems and Prospects. A Research Report prepared for FAO, Rome, December.
Osiname, O.A., Kang, B.T. 1975. Responses of rice to sulfur application under upland conditions. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6: 585–598.
Oyediran, G.O. 1990. Genesis, classification and potential productivity of selected wetlands in the savanna ecosystem of Nigeria. PhD Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.
Pereir, A.J., Chavan, A.S., Varade, P.A. 1986. Physico-chemical properties and micronutrient status of the Mango orchard hill soil of Konkan. J. Maharastra Agric. Univ., 11(2): 134–136.
Sumida, H. 1992. Silicon supplying capacity of paddy soils and characteristics of silicon uptake by rice plants in cool regions in Japan. Bull. Tohoku. Agric. Exp. Stn. 85: 1–46 (in Japanese with English summary).
Wakatsuki T, Shimura Y, Otoo E, Olaniyan, G. O. 1998. African-based sawah system for the integrated watershed management of small inland valleys of West Africa. FAO Water Report 17: 56–79.
Wakatsuki, T., Masunaga, T. 2005. Ecological engineering for sustainable food production and the restoration of degraded watersheds in tropics of low pH soils: focus on West Africa. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 51: 629–636.
West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), 1997. Annual report 1996. West African Rice Development Authority (WARDA), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, pp. 69.
West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), 2003. Strategy for rice sector revitalization in Nigeria. Project Report WARDA, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, 14p.
Yamaguchi, J. 1997. Sulfur status of rice and lowland soils in West Africa. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘‘Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food production and Environment’’, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 813–814.
Yanai, M., Yoshida, Y., Shimizu, Y. 1996. Colorimetric determina- tion of acetate buffer extractable silicic acid with Imaizumi–Yoshida method. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 67, 69–70. (In Japanese with English summary).
Yichu, G., Baifan, J., Rukun, L. 1984. Effect of weathering on the transformation and availability of phosphorus in different fractions of particle size of main soils of China. Act a Pedologica Sinica 2: 134-143.
