EVALUATION OF Tithonia diversifolia AND Chromolaena odorata RESIDUES AS POTENTIAL ORGANIC COMPOST MATERIALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF Meloidogyne incognita ON COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. WALP)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v14i1.1252Abstract
Screen house studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia and Chromolaenaodorata powder as alternative organic fertilizer materials in comparison with the local commercial
neem organic fertilizer in the management of Meloidogyne incognita infection on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata
var. Ife Brown). The experiments were laid out in completely randomized design with six replications.
Cowpea seedlings were raised in sterilized soils in plastic pots and inoculated with 5000 eggs of
M. incognita at two weeks after emergence. At 60 days after emergence, destructive sampling of
plants was done to assess nematode indices: root galls, nematode population and reproduction factor.
Results obtained show that growth and yield of cowpea was significantly(p<0.05) improved by Tithonia
and Chromolaena soil amendments effectively as the neem fertilizer. It also show that, M. incognita
infectivity (number of galls, nematode population, reproduction) were significantly(p<0.05) reduced by
Tithonia and Chromolaena soil amendments as the neem fertilizer. The findings of this study recommend
the residues of these common weeds for evaluation in organic composting with potential for
plant parasitic nematode management combined with release of nutrient to plants as organic fertilizer..
References
Adesiyan, S.O., Cavaness, F.E., Adeniyi,
M.O. , Fawole, B. 1990. Nematode Pests of
Tropical Crops. Heinemann Educational
Books (Nigeria) Limited; Ibadan, Nigeria.
114pp.
Apori, S.O., Long, R.J, Castro, F.B., Orskov,
E.R. 2000. Chemical composition and
nutritive value of leaves and stems of tropical
weed Chromolaena odorata. Grass Forage
Science. 55(1): 77–81.
Atungwu, J.J., Kehinde, L.O. 2008.
Evaluation of organic based fertilizer as an
alternative to furadan in the management of
Meloidogyne incognita on soybeans in Nigeria.
International Journal of Nematology, 18, 61–65.
Atungwu, J.J., 2006. Comparative efficacy
of furadan and host resistance in the management
of Meloidogyne incognita on soybean
genotype: Effect on plant growth and yield.
Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection, 23, 69–78.
Atungwu, J.J., Olabiyi, T.I. Olatunji, J.O.
& Fasanu A. 2011. Assessment of varietal
resistance and two organic fertilizers in the
management of southern root-knot nematode
in soyabean (Glycine max). Biological Agriculture
and Horticulture, 27: 231–239.
Babatola, J.O., Omotade, M.A.1991.
Chemical control of the nematode pests of
cowpea, (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp). Crop
Protection 10:131- 134.
Brader, S.A. 2002. Biocontrol of brown
blotch of cowpea caused by Colletotrichum
truncatum with Trichoderma viride. Crop Protection
15(7): 633–636.
Bridge, J.C. 1981. Nematodes. In: Pest Control
in Tropical Grain Legumes. Word, A., Mercer,
S.L. & Home, V. (eds.). Centre for
Overseas Pest Research, London. 111-125
pp.
Fatoki, O.K., Fawole, B. 2000. Identification
of nematicidal ingredients from neem
leaves, Siam weed leaves and roots. African
Journal of Plant Protection. 10:33–38.
Gachengo, C.N., Palm, C.A, Jama, B.,
Othieno, C. 1999. Tithonia and senna
green manures and inorganic fertilizer as
phosphorus sources for maize in western
Kenya. Agroforestry System. 4: 21–36.
Hussey, R.S., Barker, K.R.1973. A comparison
of methods of collecting for Meloidogyne
spp., including a new technique. The
Plant Disease Reporter, 57: 1025–1028.
Kamenge, J., Dogumu, B., Henrot, J.,
Isirimah, N.O. 1999. Soil fertility enhancement
by planted tree-fallow species in the
humid lowlands of Cameroon. Agroforestry
Systems 46: 239-249.
Linford, M. B., Yap, F. ,Oliveira, J.M.
1938. Reduction of soil populations of
roots-knoot nematodes during the composition
of organic matter. Soil Science, 45:127-
141.
Muleba, N., Ouedraogo, J.T., Tignegre,
J.B. 1997. Crop yield loss attributed to
Striga infestations. Journal of Agricultural Science.
129: 43-48. 33.
Odeyemi I. S., Olalekan, F. Y., Sosanya,
O. S. 2011. Effect of organic fertilizer and
Chromolaena odorata residue on the pathogenicity
of Meloidogyne incognita on maize.
Archives of Phytopathology And Plant Protection,
44:11, 1046-1052.
Odeyemi, I. S. , Adewale, K. A. 2011.
Phythonematoxic properties and nematicidal
potential of Tithonia diversifolia extract
and residue on Meloidogyne incognita infecting
yam (Dioscorea rotundata). Archives of Phytopathology
and Plant Protection, 44 (18): 1745-
1753.
Odeyemi, I.S., Afolami, S.O. 2008. Host
status of three Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp Varieties
to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and
White) Chitwood and the Consequence on
Yield. Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection. 25: 1 -
7.
Odeyemi, I.S. 2004. Effect of Glomus
mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerd. And Trappe
on the pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita
(Kofoid and White) Chitwood on Cowpea,
Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. M. Agric. Dissertation.
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,
Nigeria. 204 pages
Odeyemi, I.S. 2011. Assessment of
Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robison
Fallow for sustainable nematode pest management
in maize (Zea mays) production.
Ph.D. thesis. University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Nigeria. 239 pages.
Odeyemi, I.S., Afolami, S. O., Halliday,
D. J. 2012. Evaluation of Some Tropical
Weeds For The Suppression of Meloidogyne
Incognita. Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection. 111
-116 pp..
Ogunfowora, A.O. 1976. Research on
Meloidogyne species at IAR&T, Moor plantation,
Ibadan. In: Proceedings of the 1st Research
Planning Conference on Root-Knot
Nematodes, Meloidogyne species: Region
IV, IITA, Ibadan, 7th – 11th June, 1976.
Olowe, T.O. 1992. Economic importance
of nematode of legume and cereal crops in
Nigeria. Proceedings of the first regional
symposium on the biology and control of
nematode pests of food crops in Africa 26–
29 July; 1992.
Renco, M., D’Adabbo, T., Sasaneilli, N.,
Papajova, I. 2007. The effect of five com-
M.O. , Fawole, B. 1990. Nematode Pests of
Tropical Crops. Heinemann Educational
Books (Nigeria) Limited; Ibadan, Nigeria.
114pp.
Apori, S.O., Long, R.J, Castro, F.B., Orskov,
E.R. 2000. Chemical composition and
nutritive value of leaves and stems of tropical
weed Chromolaena odorata. Grass Forage
Science. 55(1): 77–81.
Atungwu, J.J., Kehinde, L.O. 2008.
Evaluation of organic based fertilizer as an
alternative to furadan in the management of
Meloidogyne incognita on soybeans in Nigeria.
International Journal of Nematology, 18, 61–65.
Atungwu, J.J., 2006. Comparative efficacy
of furadan and host resistance in the management
of Meloidogyne incognita on soybean
genotype: Effect on plant growth and yield.
Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection, 23, 69–78.
Atungwu, J.J., Olabiyi, T.I. Olatunji, J.O.
& Fasanu A. 2011. Assessment of varietal
resistance and two organic fertilizers in the
management of southern root-knot nematode
in soyabean (Glycine max). Biological Agriculture
and Horticulture, 27: 231–239.
Babatola, J.O., Omotade, M.A.1991.
Chemical control of the nematode pests of
cowpea, (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp). Crop
Protection 10:131- 134.
Brader, S.A. 2002. Biocontrol of brown
blotch of cowpea caused by Colletotrichum
truncatum with Trichoderma viride. Crop Protection
15(7): 633–636.
Bridge, J.C. 1981. Nematodes. In: Pest Control
in Tropical Grain Legumes. Word, A., Mercer,
S.L. & Home, V. (eds.). Centre for
Overseas Pest Research, London. 111-125
pp.
Fatoki, O.K., Fawole, B. 2000. Identification
of nematicidal ingredients from neem
leaves, Siam weed leaves and roots. African
Journal of Plant Protection. 10:33–38.
Gachengo, C.N., Palm, C.A, Jama, B.,
Othieno, C. 1999. Tithonia and senna
green manures and inorganic fertilizer as
phosphorus sources for maize in western
Kenya. Agroforestry System. 4: 21–36.
Hussey, R.S., Barker, K.R.1973. A comparison
of methods of collecting for Meloidogyne
spp., including a new technique. The
Plant Disease Reporter, 57: 1025–1028.
Kamenge, J., Dogumu, B., Henrot, J.,
Isirimah, N.O. 1999. Soil fertility enhancement
by planted tree-fallow species in the
humid lowlands of Cameroon. Agroforestry
Systems 46: 239-249.
Linford, M. B., Yap, F. ,Oliveira, J.M.
1938. Reduction of soil populations of
roots-knoot nematodes during the composition
of organic matter. Soil Science, 45:127-
141.
Muleba, N., Ouedraogo, J.T., Tignegre,
J.B. 1997. Crop yield loss attributed to
Striga infestations. Journal of Agricultural Science.
129: 43-48. 33.
Odeyemi I. S., Olalekan, F. Y., Sosanya,
O. S. 2011. Effect of organic fertilizer and
Chromolaena odorata residue on the pathogenicity
of Meloidogyne incognita on maize.
Archives of Phytopathology And Plant Protection,
44:11, 1046-1052.
Odeyemi, I. S. , Adewale, K. A. 2011.
Phythonematoxic properties and nematicidal
potential of Tithonia diversifolia extract
and residue on Meloidogyne incognita infecting
yam (Dioscorea rotundata). Archives of Phytopathology
and Plant Protection, 44 (18): 1745-
1753.
Odeyemi, I.S., Afolami, S.O. 2008. Host
status of three Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp Varieties
to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and
White) Chitwood and the Consequence on
Yield. Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection. 25: 1 -
7.
Odeyemi, I.S. 2004. Effect of Glomus
mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerd. And Trappe
on the pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita
(Kofoid and White) Chitwood on Cowpea,
Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. M. Agric. Dissertation.
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,
Nigeria. 204 pages
Odeyemi, I.S. 2011. Assessment of
Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robison
Fallow for sustainable nematode pest management
in maize (Zea mays) production.
Ph.D. thesis. University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Nigeria. 239 pages.
Odeyemi, I.S., Afolami, S. O., Halliday,
D. J. 2012. Evaluation of Some Tropical
Weeds For The Suppression of Meloidogyne
Incognita. Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection. 111
-116 pp..
Ogunfowora, A.O. 1976. Research on
Meloidogyne species at IAR&T, Moor plantation,
Ibadan. In: Proceedings of the 1st Research
Planning Conference on Root-Knot
Nematodes, Meloidogyne species: Region
IV, IITA, Ibadan, 7th – 11th June, 1976.
Olowe, T.O. 1992. Economic importance
of nematode of legume and cereal crops in
Nigeria. Proceedings of the first regional
symposium on the biology and control of
nematode pests of food crops in Africa 26–
29 July; 1992.
Renco, M., D’Adabbo, T., Sasaneilli, N.,
Papajova, I. 2007. The effect of five com-
