Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET en-US eic@funaab.edu.ng (Prof. E.A. Makinde) soretireto@funaab.edu.ng (Soretire Temitope Oluwole) Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 OJS 3.3.0.8 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF UNILATERAL RECURRENT MASTITIS IN A FOUR-YEAR-OLD KALAHARI DOE: A CASE REPORT https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2307 <p>A four-year-old female Kalahari goat, weighing 43kg, was presented to the Veterinary<br>Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, with complaint of<br>severe inflammation of the right udder. Conservative medical treatment was previously<br>done on two occasions, with the administration of penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic<br>with successful regression, but recurrence following kidding. Bacteriological culture of<br>fine needle aspirate, revealed the presence of Staphylococcus species while antibiotic<br>sensitivity test showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin. However,<br>histopathology did not show any evidence of neoplastic cells. It was diagnosed of<br>bacterial mastitis based on the results of microbiology and cytopathology. A unilateral<br>mastectomy was used to successfully treat this condition. Oral ciprofloxacin<br>(1000mg/kg) was administered post-surgery. In conclusion, unilateral mastectomy can<br>be considered the best option of treating recurrent bacterial mastitis, with the intention<br>of salvaging the contralateral healthy udder.</p> O. A. MAKINDE; S. A. FAMAKINDE, I. O. OYENEKAN, E. A. O. SOGEBI Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2307 Tue, 26 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0100 MICRONUTRIENT AVAILABILITY IN SOILS UNDER SAWAH RICE PRODUCTION OF INLAND VALLEYS IN NIGERIA https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2313 <p>Despite the vital roles of soil micronutrients in rice production, especially in Nigeria,<br>where efforts are being made to increase rice production, there is little information on<br>micronutrient availability in lowland soils of Nigeria. This study therefore investigated<br>the availability of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni and Mn) in lowland soils under sawah<br>in Nigeria, in order to provide basic information that can also be used as baseline data for<br>analysis in future investigations. Soil samples for this study were collected from all the<br>sawah sites in Bida, Zaria, Ilorin, Abakaliki and Akure. Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni and Mn were<br>extracted in DTPA-TEA solution at pH 7.3 Topsoil (0–15 cm) Cu ranged between 0.43<br>and 4.09 mg/kg, with an average of 1.90 mg/kg. Mn values ranged between 9.27 and<br>99.12 mg/kg, with an average of 52.59 mg/kg. Ni values ranged between 0.08 and 1.56<br>mg/kg, with an average of 0.57 mg/kg. Fe ranged between 41.41 and 451.03 mg/kg,<br>with an average of 199.09 mg/kg. Zn ranged between 0.07 and 5.83 mg/kg, with an<br>average of 1.02 mg/kg. These results indicate that soils under sawah in Nigeria are<br>deficient in Zn and have moderate level of Cu, Fe, Ni and Mn. Although Fe was<br>generally found to be moderate, Fe toxicity was observed in some sites. While the<br>average Zn value was 1.02 mg/kg, which is above the critical level of 0.83 mg/kg for rice<br>production as recommended, majority (60%) of soils under sawah had Zn values below<br>the critical level. Correlation analysis showed that Zn is significantly and positively<br>correlated with exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Na, P, SiO , S, total 2<br>carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), but no significant correlation was observed with<br>pH. Further study to investigate the roles of redox potential and pH in micronutrient<br>availability in soils under sawah in Nigeria is recommended.</p> C. I. ALARIMA; M. A. BUSARI, I. M. ALARIMA, J. M. AWOTUNDE, S. OBALUM, O. O. OLANIYI, T. MASUNAGA, T. WAKATSUKI Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2313 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 DYNAMICS OF SOIL REACTION AND EFFECTS ON GROWTH OF CORCHORUS OLITORUS L. UNDER SEQUENTIAL APPLICATION OF ANIMAL MANURES https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2323 <p>Availability of nutrients from different manure origins when soil pH changes to support<br>plants yield in order to encourage food security due to increment of global change is<br>critical. Hence, manure variability such as types, rates and application time on soil pH<br>necessitates further study. This experiment probed effects of three animal-manures and<br>their residuals on soil pH kinetics and Fresh Shoot yield (FSY) response of Corchorus<br>olitorius L. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted for 154 days;<br>three cycles of 42 days per cycle with three replications. The rate of dried cattle, goat and<br>poultry manures incorporated separately once at onset of the research were; 5, 10, 20,<br>-1 -1 40, 60, 80, 120 and 150 t ha . Besides, N P K at 0.4 t ha was added at 14, 56 and 98 15 15 15<br>Days on separate plots as check (first, second and third cycles). After Incorporation of<br>manures determination of soil pH was carried out at every 14 days. At 42 Days After<br>Planting (DAP) in each cycle, Corchorus olitorius L. FSY was assessed. Across cycles,<br>applied manures increased (p&lt;0.01) soil alkalinity while N P K increased soil acidity. 15 15 15<br>Increment in FSY of Corchorus olitorius L. irrespective of manure rates at second and<br>-1 third cycles was more than first cycle. Addition of cattle manure at 40 t ha , goat at 60 t<br>-1 -1 ha and poultry at 20 t ha enhanced the soil pH and Corchorus olitorius L. performance at<br>first, second and third cycles.</p> H. A. SAKA; J. O. AZEEZ, J. N. ODEDINA, S. J. AKINSETE Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2323 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF BASIL AND THYME ON CARIOGENIC BACTERIAL STRAINS: A SYSTEMATIC STUDY https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2327 <p>Dental caries has remained the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease globally.<br>Although several techniques have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent<br>disease, many have failed including the use of available synthetic drugs. This current<br>study investigated the antibacterial activity of the essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum<br>citriodorum (Basil) and Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) against clinical bacteria of oral origin. The<br>chemical composition and antimicrobial attributes of the essential oils obtained from<br>the aerial parts of the plants have been well studied. Nine bacterial strains comprising, K.<br>pneumonia, E. coli, 2 strains of P. aeruginosa, B. licheniformis, S. aureus, L. acidophilus, and 2<br>strains of S. mutans were been study. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation<br>Clevenger apparatus. Inhibitory zone dimension, and minimal inhibitory and minimal<br>bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were congruently determined using welldiffusion,<br>and broth microdilution methods. EO of Ocimum citriodorum showed<br>significant activity at 64 μl/mL dose against B. licheniformis and the 2 strains of S. mutans,<br>B. licheniformis, L. acidophilus, E. coli, but the 2 strains of S. mutans, and S. aureus were highly<br>susceptible at 128μl/mL dose as their MIC/MBC varied from 0.20 to 1.60 μl/mL, and<br>0.20 to 3.13 μl/mL respectively. For Thymus vulgaris EO, at 64 μl/mL only B. licheniformis<br>and S. aureus were susceptible. However, all the isolates except E. coli and the 2 strains of<br>S. mutans were sensitive at 128 μl/mL dose. The MIC/MBC values ranged from 0.20 to<br>0.40 in both cases. The use of essential oils from basil and thyme leaves may be a<br>plausible alternative in the prevention and treatment of cariogenic pathogens.</p> W.E. IKE; T.M. OBUOTOR,, A.O. KOLAWOLE, F.J. SALAKO, C.O. IGBOKWE, C.O. FASUYI Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2327 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 DEVELOPMENT OF A COLOUR-OBJECT SORTING ROBOTIC ARM SYSTEM USING A PIXY2 CAMERA https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2328 <p>There are growing needs for detection and sorting of objects owing to the large<br>application of artificial intelligence in industrial and agricultural engineering<br>applications, among other fields. Object detection is extensively used in various areas of<br>the knowledge society to offer assistance whenever necessary. There is need to develop<br>sorting systems that are completely automated to reduce these challenges. This paper<br>describes the implementation and testing of an object-sorting system based on colour<br>using a robotic arm, arduino nano microcontroller, pixy2 camera and a conveyor system.<br>The system was designed to sort objects into different categories based on their<br>dominant colour, as identified by the camera and processed by the microcontroller.<br>Using a predetermined colour identification algorithm, this model assessed the ability of<br>a robotic arm to sort various objects. The robotic arm acted as the sorting mechanism,<br>picking up objects from the conveyor and placing them into designated containers. The<br>system was tested with a variety of objects with different colours and shapes. It was<br>found to have an accuracy rate of 85% in colour detection and sorting, a low latency<br>value of 30%, object orientation of 45 % and robustness against different lighting<br>conditions. The obtained values demonstrated the effectiveness, accuracy, and costeffectiveness<br>of employing computer vision in conjunction with a robotic arm for<br>sorting objects, based on colour and shape. The study therefore provides a system that<br>represents a promising solution for automating colour-based object sorting tasks.</p> S.O. OWOEYE; F.O. DURODOLA, B.U. ANYANWU, A.A. ISHOLA, A.A. ADENUGA, J. O. ODULATE, B.M. BISIRIYU Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2328 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 EFFECTS OF PACKAGING AND STORAGE CONDITION ON THE SHELF STABILITY OF ROASTED AND PULVERISED DATE (Phoenix dactylifera L.) SEED https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2344 <p>Food packaging helps maintain food safety, minimize environmental impacts and<br>protect from spoilage/damages. This study evaluated the effects of packaging materials<br>and storage conditions on the shelf-stability of roasted and pulverised date seeds. Date<br>fruits were gathered and the seeds obtained and processed through the stages of sorting,<br>soaking, washing, drying at 90°C for 6 hours, roasting at 220°C, cooling, blending and<br>sieving. Tightly sealed transparent cellophane bags and Plastic containers were used for<br>packaging. Storage conditions assessed were: Ambient (room) condition, free table and<br>dark cupboard. Microbial analyses were carried out on the powdered date seed samples<br>at 2, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days of storage to determine the bacterial and fungi load count,<br>using nutrient agar, plate count agar and potato dextrose agar. There were no visible<br>microbial growths on the fresh sample and on samples at 2 days post-production for the<br>two storage conditions considered in this study. As storage duration increased from day<br>7, bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated<br>and identified. Also, fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and yeast were isolated and identified.<br>There were no differences between microbial loads of samples stored in a dark<br>cupboard and on the table in open space as storage duration increased. The study<br>showed that a transparent cellophane bag was a more suitable packaging material.</p> I. A. KUKOYI, O. O. IDRIS, A. ADEDIPE, L. A. ADEBANJO, O. B. IJAYA Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2344 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASES AND RESISTANCE TO GENTAMICIN AND QUINOLONES IN GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAL ISOLATES OF PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (COCKROACHES) https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2345 <p>The close association of cockroaches with man in his environment is a threat to public<br>health due to their potential in the transmission of multi-drug resistant infectious<br>agents. This study was therefore conducted to detect the presence of extendedspectrum<br>beta lactamases (ESBLs) in Gram negative bacterial isolates of cockroaches.<br>Two hundred cockroaches were randomly collected (200) and analyzed at the<br>microbiology laboratory, Olabisi Onabanjo University. Isolated bacteria were tested for<br>antibiotic susceptibility against eight clinically relevant antibiotics and Double Disc<br>Synergy Test (DDST) for the confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase<br>(ESBL) production. Existence of genes encoding ESBL production were identified<br>using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 363 bacteria (208 (57) from the<br>external surfaces and (155 (43) from the gut environment were recovered from the<br>analyzed cockroaches. Twenty-six (26) of the forty (40) phenotypically confirmed ESBL<br>organisms showed discrete amplification with the molecular technique. All isolates<br>showed elevated trend of multi-drug resistance to the tested antibiotics with 12=46.2%,<br>11=42.3% and 3=11.5% of the 26 Gram negative isolates harboring one, two and three<br>ESBL genes, respectively. The sulfhydryl variable (SHV) gene was the most significant<br>with a percentage distribution of 69.2% of the total ESBL alleles suggesting cockroach<br>as a vector for enteric bacterial infections. Findings also affirmed the reduced<br>susceptibility of all the isolates to both gentamicin and quinolone antibiotics.</p> O. D. POPOOLA, M. O. EFUNTOYE, G. C. AGU, H. A. ADEKOLA, H. O. EGBERONGBE, O. A. BANJO, T. O. ADESETAN, B. T. THOMAS Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2345 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 GUIDE TO AUTHORS https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2346 <p>An abstract in English should include key words, arranged alphabetically using only the first letter of key words. Abstract should be limited to &lt;200 words, and should contain salient features of the study, briefly indicating method of study, result, and the main conclusion. Single solid line should separate the by – line materials from the abstract, and the abstract from the main text. A short running title should be included. 6 keywords should be typed in.</p> E. A. MAKINDE Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2346 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100 CONTENTS https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2347 <p>.</p> E. A. MAKINDE Copyright (c) 2024 https://journal.funaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/2347 Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0100