CHARACTERIZATION OF GROUNDWATER SOURCES USING HYDROGEOPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES IN PAPALANTO, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Keywords:
Leachate, Vulnerability, Resistivity tomography, Protective capacity, Coliforms, Hand-dug wellAbstract
The necessity for aquifer characterization and consequent assessment of extent of leachate infiltration in groundwater system for the growing water demands and overall health benefits of inhabitants cannot be overemphasized. Although groundwater provides potable water to billions of people worldwide daily, it also serves as a basic sustenance to other forms of biological populations. The vulnerability status of boreholes and hand-dug wells to contaminant seepages in the Papalanto community of Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria was analyzed in this study. It was designed to assess and present the extent of leachate and pollution from Ewekoro community. Qualitative assessment was determined utilizing vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods that revealed lower resistivity mostly in traverses 1, 4 and 5, thus suggesting possible leachate to depths above 24.9 m. The depth to the aquifer varied from 8.5m to 100m while the longitudinal unit conductance (S) and the protective capacity (Pc) values were generally less than 1.0 Siemens (Pc ˂ 1.0 Siemens) except in few locations around VESPAP2, VESPAP4, VESPAP10, VESPAP12, VESPAP13, VESPAP20 alongside VESPAP21 and VESPAP22 that were classified as low aquifer protective zone and were characteristics of depositional successions of overburden layers with no significant impermeable clay/shale overlying rock. Most quality determinants in the sampled water were within the set guidelines. pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, TSS, TS and TH were the physico-chemical parameters; NO3- , NO2- and SO42- represented the anions; Na2+, Mg3+represented the cations while Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cr3+, Ni and Al3+ were the heavy metals. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Alkalinity (ALK), Cl-, HCO3-, Zn2+ and Fe3+ were found to exhibit elevated concentration values using the integrated permissible limits of the approved national and international water quality standards for both water sources. It was concluded that not all the borehole water sources were safe for consumption and many of the hand-dug well waters were of poorer bacteriological qualities; indicative of health risk to the inhabitants of the area.
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