EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Parquetina nigrescens ON BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION IN WISTAR RATS SUBJECTED TO EXPERIMENTAL INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY
Keywords:
Superior mesenteric artery, ischemic preconditioning, Enterobacteria, reperfusion, herbal medicine, sepsisAbstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can cause bacterial translocation (BT) and systemic complications. This study evaluated the protective effects of Parquetina nigrescens methanolic extract (MEPN) against BT following intestinal IRI. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (180g ± 15g) were randomized into four groups: Group A (negative control, 0.9% saline for 7 days), Group B (MEPN 1000 mg/kg for 7 days without IRI), Group C (MEPN 1000 mg/kg for 7 days prior to IRI), and Group D (ischemic preconditioning: 15 minutes ischemia/15 minutes reperfusion, followed by 30 minutes ischemia/24 hours reperfusion). IRI was induced by superior mesenteric artery clamping for 45 minutes followed by 24-hour reperfusion. All rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 24 hours reperfusion. Bacterial analysis was performed on liver, spleen, lung, terminal ileum, and blood samples using standard microbiological techniques. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Significantly different mean values were separated using Duncan's multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05. Multiple bacterial species were isolated, including Bacillus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, E. coli, Micrococcus luteus, and Citrobacter freundi. Group A showed no bacterial growth. Group B demonstrated bacterial growth in liver (4.3×10⁶±9.7×10⁶ CFU) and lung (1.5×10⁷±1.9×10⁷ CFU). Group C exhibited the highest bacterial loads across all organs, with blood showing 6.0×10⁶±1.3×10⁷ CFU. Group D showed marked reduction with only liver colonization (6.4×10⁵±1.4×10⁶ CFU), representing 98.5% reduction compared to Group C. MEPN at 1000 mg/kg failed to provide protection against IRI-induced bacterial translocation, while ischemic preconditioning demonstrated significant protective effects.
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