AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF BLIGHIA SAPIDA (K.D. KOENIG) EXTRACT ON WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS, LIVER AND GILL OF AFRICAN CATFISH, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS EXPOSED TO KEROSENE-INDUCED TOXICITY
Keywords:
Blighia sapida; Catfish; Kerosene; Vacuolar degeneration; Venous congestions; Water quality parameters.Abstract
This study investigated the ameliorative properties of Blighia sapida extracts on the water quality parameters, liver, and gills of sub-adults of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (185±2.87g) exposed to kerosene-induced toxicity. The fish species were acclimatized for 14 days and the water was partially replaced every 48 hours. The test organisms were fed with commercial pelletized fish feed (42% CP) at 3% body weight twice per day throughout the acclimatization period. 189 pieces of the test animal were randomly divided into nine groups (G) of seven fish each in plastic tanks containing 20L of borehole water to which treatments were set up in triplicates: G1: control, G2: 100 ml kerosene, G3: 200 ml kerosene, G4: 100 ml kerosene + 50 mg/kg body weight (bwt) ethanol extract (EE), G5: 100ml kerosene + 100 mg/kg bwt. EE, G6: 100 ml kerosene + 150 mg/kg bwt. EE, G7: 200 ml kerosene + 50 mg/kg bwt. EE, G8: 200 ml kerosene + 100 mg/kg bwt EE, G9: 200 ml kerosene + 150 mg/kg bwt EE. The study was carried out for 28 days and the obtained water quality parameters data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The results showed significant (p<0.05) effect on the water quality parameters of total dissolved solids, hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature with increase in the volume of kerosene. The histological examination revealed mild/severe vacuolar degeneration on the liver and gills of fish exposed to varying volumes of the kerosene. However, B. sapida, ameliorated the toxic effects of the kerosene in dose-dependent manner. Severe portal and central venous congestions were observed in the organs, however, the severity of these congestions decreased with increase in the extract concentration. The result indicated that B. sapida displayed ameliorative effects on sub-adults African catfish, as such could be used to treat the fish species in the case of oil spillage.
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