INVESTIGATING ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO ZIKA VIRUS IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Keywords:
ZIKV; Antibody; Pregnancy; Seroprevalence, IgG, IgMAbstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the flavivirus family is primarily spread through mosquito bites.. In recent times, the virus has been associated with fetal anomalies and pregnancy complications due to its ability to cross the placental barrier and infect the developing fetus. Nigeria is at high risk of Zika virus transmission due to the presence of mosquitoes that can transmit the virus. The study recruited 92 pregnant women attending a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria from whom blood samples were obtained and analyzed for Zika virus antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Thirty-one samples were positive for ZIKV IgG, and 8 samples were positive for ZIKV IgM, with only 4 samples testing positive for both IgG and IgM. Demographic and medical history information was gathered using structured questionnaires to identify potential risk factors. Participants over the age of 30, those living in urban areas, and Unemployed participants had the highest prevalence for both IgM and IgG. Participants with tertiary education showed a higher prevalence rate of IgM, and those with primary education had the highest prevalence of IgG. Higher prevalence rate of both IgG and IgM was reported in multiparous participants with single pregnancy and in their first trimester. The most reported symptoms of Zika virus infection were headaches, fever, muscle pain and joint pain. This study presents evidence of the presence of Zika virus in pregnant women in the study location, underscoring the significance of including Zika virus testing as part of routine diagnostics during antenatal check-ups.
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