ANTIDIABETIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED DIABETES IN WISTAR RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v11i2.1955Keywords:
Diabetes, Moringa oleifera, Wistar ratAbstract
This study investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera in diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of methanol extract of M. oleifera at doses of 200, 400 and 800mg/kg body weight was compared to non-diabetic rats, diabetic control rats and diabetic rats treated with rosiglitazone (2mg/kg b.w.). Glucose levels were monitored within 24 hours and on day 15 of treatment. Blood samples were collected on day 16 of treatment to determine serum lipid profile, proteins and its fractions, non-protein metabolites and liver enzymes. On day 15 of treatment, glucose levels of diabetic control rats decreased by 13.33%, rats treated with the doses of the extract decreased by 52.37%, 53.62% and 53.93%, and rats treated with rosiglitazone, 58.8%. Weight gain was consistent in all groups of rats except in diabetic control with significant weight loss (-37.12g). The lipid profile showed rats treated with the extract had higher triglyceride levels, but significantly (p<0.05) lower total cholesterols with lower levels of LDL-C and VLDL-C, and higher HDL-C. Total proteins were increased with significant (p<0.05) increases in the albumin fraction. Liver enzymes, urea and creatinine levels were also reduced in the extract treated rats. In conclusion, the extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera reduced blood glucose levels, corrected dyslipidemias of the diabetic rats, and protected the liver from alloxan-induced injury.
References
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Anwar, F., Bhanger, M.I. 2003. Analytical characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil grown in temperate regions of Pakistan. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 51: 6558–6563
Anwar, F., Latif, S., Ashraf, M., Gilani, A.H. 2007. Moringa oleifera: A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research 21: 17-25
Barrett-Connor, E., Giardian, E.G., Gitt, A.K., Gudat, U., Steinberg, H.O., Tscheope, D. 2004. Women and heart disease; The role of diabetes and hyperglycemia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(9): 9344-942.
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Broin, M., Santaella, C., Cuine, S., Kokou, K., Peltier, G., Joet, T. 2002. Flocculent activity of a recombinant protein from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 60: 114– 119.
Carmena, R., Duriez, P., Fruchart, J.C. 2004. Atherogenic lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis. Circulation 109: 2-7.
Craig, W.Y., Neveux, L.M., Palomaki, G.E., Cleveland, M.M., Hadow J.E. 1998. Lipoprotein (a) as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease: Metaanalysis of prospective studies. Clinical Chemistry, 44(11):b 2301-2306
Dangi, S.Y., Jolly, C.I., Narayana, S. 2002. Antihypertensive activity of the total alkaloids from the leaves of Moringa oleifera. Pharmaceutical Biology 40: 144–148
Daryoush, M., Bahram, A.T., Yousef, D., Mehrdad, N., 2011. Brassica rapa L. extract alleviate early hepatic injury in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5 (31): 6813 -6821.
Devasagayam, H.K., Ashodi, D., Natesan, S, 2012. Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of stem and leaves of Alangium salvifolium and Pavonia zeylanica. Asian Pacifici Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1:1-5.
El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, El-Naga NIA, 2005. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 43: 57-63.
Fahey, J.W. 2005. Moringa oleifera: A review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Journal
Faizi, S., Siddiqui, B.S., Saleem, R., Aftab, K., Shaheen, F., Gilani, A.H. 1998. Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa oleifera. Planta Medica 64: 225–228.
Ghasi, S., Nwobodo, E., Ofili, J.O. 2000. Hypocholesterolemic effects of crude extract of leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam in high-fat diet fed Wistar rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 69: 21– 25
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Jansen, P.L., Muller, M., 1999. Early events in sepsis-associated cholestasis. Gastroenterology 116: 486-488
Kalogo, Y., Rosillon, F., Hammes, F., Verstraete W. 2000. Effect of a water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds on the hydrolytic microbial species diversity of a UASB reactor treating domestic wastewater. Letters of Applied Microbiology 31: 259–264
Khera, A.V., Cuchel, M., de la Llera-Moya, M., Rodrigues, A., Burke, M.F., Jafri, K., French, B.C., Phillips, J.A., Mucksavage, M.L., Wilensky, R.L., Mohler, E.R., Rothblat, G.H. & Rader, D.J. (2011). Cholesterol Efflux Capacity, High-Density Lipoprotein Function, and Atherosclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 364: 127-135.
Kumar, A., Pari, L. 2003. Antioxidant action of Moringa oleifera Lam. (drumstick) against antitubercular drugs induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Journal of Medicinal Food 6(3): 255-259.
Lalas, S., Tsaknis, J. 2002. Extraction and identification of natural antioxidants from the seeds of Moringa oleifera tree variety of Malavi. Journal of American Oil Chemical Society 79: 677–683.
Mahajan, S.G., Mali, R.G., Mehta, A.A. 2007. Protective effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. against inflammation associated with development of arthritis in rats. Journal of Immunotoxicology 4 (1): 39-47
Makonnen, E., Hunde, A., Damecha, G. 1997. Hypoglycaemic effect of Moringa stenopetala aqueous extract in rabbits. Phytotherapy Research 11: 147–148.
Morton, J.F. 1991. The horseradish tree, Moringa pterygosperma (Moringaceae) - A boon to arid lands? Economic Botany 45 (3): 318-333
Moseley, R.H. 1999. Sepsis and cholestasis. Clinical Liver Disease 3,465-475
Murakami, A., Kitazono, Y., Jiwajinda, S., Koshimizu, K., Ohigashi, H. 1998. Niaziminin, a thiocarbamate from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, holds a strict structural requirement for inhibition of tumor-promoter- induced EpsteinBarr virus activation. Planta Medica 64 (4): 319–323. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957442. PMID 9619112.
Ndong, M., Uehara, M., Katsumata, S., Suzuki, K. 2007. Effects of oral administration of Moringa oleifera Lam on glucose tolerance in Goto-Kakizaki and Wistar Rats. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 40 (3): 229–233.
Nikkon, F., Saud, Z.A., Rehman, M.H., Haque, M.E. 2003. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the compound isolated from chloroform extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 22: 1888–1890
Otamere, H.O., Aloamaka, C.P., Okokhere, P.O., Adisa, W.A., 2011. Lipid profile in diabetes mellitus: What impact has age and duration. British Journal of Pharmacology Toxicology 2(3): 135-137.
Peixoto, J.R., Silva, G.C., Costa, R.A., de Sousa Fontenelle, J.R., Vieira, G.H., Filho, A.A., dos Fernandes Vieira, R.H. 2011. In vitro antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts. Asian Pacific Journal Tropical Medicine 4 (3): 201–204.
Peter, K.V. 2008. Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops. Volume 4. New India Publishing. pp. 112. ISBN 81-89422-90-1.
Ragavan, B., Krishnakumari, S. 2006. Effect of T. arjuna stem bark extract on histopathology of liver, kidney and pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research 9: 189-197.
Roloff, A., Weisgerber, H., Lang, U., Stimm, B. 2009. Moringa oleifera, Weinheim 978–3
Saba, A.B., Oridupa. O.A. 2012. Lipoproteins and cardiovascular diseases. In: Lipoproteins – Role in health and diseases, Chapter 8. Pp 197 -222. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48132
Saba, A.B., Oridupa, O.A., Oyagbemi, A.A., Alao, E.O. 2010. Safety evaluation of ethanolic extract of whole fruit of Lagenaria breviflora Robert in Wistar rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(42): 7128-7133
Santos, A.F.S., Argolo, A.C.C., Paiva, P.M.G., Coelho, L.C.B.B. 2012. Anti-oxidant activity of Moringa oleífera tissue extracts. Phytotherapy Research 6(9): 1366-1370.
Schneider, E. 2001. Vegetables from Amaranth to Zucchini: The Essential Reference. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-688-15260-0.
Sharma, P., Kumari, P., Srivastava, M.M., Srivastava, S. 2006. Removal of cadmium from aqueous system by shelled Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder. Bioresource Technology 97: 299–305.
Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. 2003. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agro-climatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 15: 2144–2155.
Waikar, S.S., Bonventre, J.V. 2006. Can we rely on Blood urea nitrogen as biomarker to determine when to initiate dialysis? Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology 1: 903–904.
Wiwanitkit, V. 2001. High serum alkaline phosphatase levels, a study in 181 Thai adult hospitalized patients. British Medical Compendi
Anwar, F., Ashraf, M., Bhanger, M.I. 2005. Interprovenance variation in the composition of Moringa oleifera oil seeds from Pakistan. Journal of American Oil and Chemical Society 82: 45–51.
Anwar, F., Bhanger, M.I. 2003. Analytical characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil grown in temperate regions of Pakistan. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 51: 6558–6563
Anwar, F., Latif, S., Ashraf, M., Gilani, A.H. 2007. Moringa oleifera: A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research 21: 17-25
Barrett-Connor, E., Giardian, E.G., Gitt, A.K., Gudat, U., Steinberg, H.O., Tscheope, D. 2004. Women and heart disease; The role of diabetes and hyperglycemia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(9): 9344-942.
Bharali, R., Tabassum, J., Azad, M.R.H. 2003. Chemomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera, Lam, on hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, anti-oxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesis in mice. Asia Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 4: 131–139
Broin, M., Santaella, C., Cuine, S., Kokou, K., Peltier, G., Joet, T. 2002. Flocculent activity of a recombinant protein from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 60: 114– 119.
Carmena, R., Duriez, P., Fruchart, J.C. 2004. Atherogenic lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis. Circulation 109: 2-7.
Craig, W.Y., Neveux, L.M., Palomaki, G.E., Cleveland, M.M., Hadow J.E. 1998. Lipoprotein (a) as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease: Metaanalysis of prospective studies. Clinical Chemistry, 44(11):b 2301-2306
Dangi, S.Y., Jolly, C.I., Narayana, S. 2002. Antihypertensive activity of the total alkaloids from the leaves of Moringa oleifera. Pharmaceutical Biology 40: 144–148
Daryoush, M., Bahram, A.T., Yousef, D., Mehrdad, N., 2011. Brassica rapa L. extract alleviate early hepatic injury in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5 (31): 6813 -6821.
Devasagayam, H.K., Ashodi, D., Natesan, S, 2012. Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of stem and leaves of Alangium salvifolium and Pavonia zeylanica. Asian Pacifici Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1:1-5.
El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, El-Naga NIA, 2005. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 43: 57-63.
Fahey, J.W. 2005. Moringa oleifera: A review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Journal
Faizi, S., Siddiqui, B.S., Saleem, R., Aftab, K., Shaheen, F., Gilani, A.H. 1998. Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa oleifera. Planta Medica 64: 225–228.
Ghasi, S., Nwobodo, E., Ofili, J.O. 2000. Hypocholesterolemic effects of crude extract of leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam in high-fat diet fed Wistar rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 69: 21– 25
Gopalan, C., Sastri, R.B.V., Balasubramanian, S.C. (1989). Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research
Jansen, P.L., Muller, M., 1999. Early events in sepsis-associated cholestasis. Gastroenterology 116: 486-488
Kalogo, Y., Rosillon, F., Hammes, F., Verstraete W. 2000. Effect of a water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds on the hydrolytic microbial species diversity of a UASB reactor treating domestic wastewater. Letters of Applied Microbiology 31: 259–264
Khera, A.V., Cuchel, M., de la Llera-Moya, M., Rodrigues, A., Burke, M.F., Jafri, K., French, B.C., Phillips, J.A., Mucksavage, M.L., Wilensky, R.L., Mohler, E.R., Rothblat, G.H. & Rader, D.J. (2011). Cholesterol Efflux Capacity, High-Density Lipoprotein Function, and Atherosclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 364: 127-135.
Kumar, A., Pari, L. 2003. Antioxidant action of Moringa oleifera Lam. (drumstick) against antitubercular drugs induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Journal of Medicinal Food 6(3): 255-259.
Lalas, S., Tsaknis, J. 2002. Extraction and identification of natural antioxidants from the seeds of Moringa oleifera tree variety of Malavi. Journal of American Oil Chemical Society 79: 677–683.
Mahajan, S.G., Mali, R.G., Mehta, A.A. 2007. Protective effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. against inflammation associated with development of arthritis in rats. Journal of Immunotoxicology 4 (1): 39-47
Makonnen, E., Hunde, A., Damecha, G. 1997. Hypoglycaemic effect of Moringa stenopetala aqueous extract in rabbits. Phytotherapy Research 11: 147–148.
Morton, J.F. 1991. The horseradish tree, Moringa pterygosperma (Moringaceae) - A boon to arid lands? Economic Botany 45 (3): 318-333
Moseley, R.H. 1999. Sepsis and cholestasis. Clinical Liver Disease 3,465-475
Murakami, A., Kitazono, Y., Jiwajinda, S., Koshimizu, K., Ohigashi, H. 1998. Niaziminin, a thiocarbamate from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, holds a strict structural requirement for inhibition of tumor-promoter- induced EpsteinBarr virus activation. Planta Medica 64 (4): 319–323. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957442. PMID 9619112.
Ndong, M., Uehara, M., Katsumata, S., Suzuki, K. 2007. Effects of oral administration of Moringa oleifera Lam on glucose tolerance in Goto-Kakizaki and Wistar Rats. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 40 (3): 229–233.
Nikkon, F., Saud, Z.A., Rehman, M.H., Haque, M.E. 2003. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the compound isolated from chloroform extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 22: 1888–1890
Otamere, H.O., Aloamaka, C.P., Okokhere, P.O., Adisa, W.A., 2011. Lipid profile in diabetes mellitus: What impact has age and duration. British Journal of Pharmacology Toxicology 2(3): 135-137.
Peixoto, J.R., Silva, G.C., Costa, R.A., de Sousa Fontenelle, J.R., Vieira, G.H., Filho, A.A., dos Fernandes Vieira, R.H. 2011. In vitro antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts. Asian Pacific Journal Tropical Medicine 4 (3): 201–204.
Peter, K.V. 2008. Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops. Volume 4. New India Publishing. pp. 112. ISBN 81-89422-90-1.
Ragavan, B., Krishnakumari, S. 2006. Effect of T. arjuna stem bark extract on histopathology of liver, kidney and pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research 9: 189-197.
Roloff, A., Weisgerber, H., Lang, U., Stimm, B. 2009. Moringa oleifera, Weinheim 978–3
Saba, A.B., Oridupa. O.A. 2012. Lipoproteins and cardiovascular diseases. In: Lipoproteins – Role in health and diseases, Chapter 8. Pp 197 -222. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48132
Saba, A.B., Oridupa, O.A., Oyagbemi, A.A., Alao, E.O. 2010. Safety evaluation of ethanolic extract of whole fruit of Lagenaria breviflora Robert in Wistar rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(42): 7128-7133
Santos, A.F.S., Argolo, A.C.C., Paiva, P.M.G., Coelho, L.C.B.B. 2012. Anti-oxidant activity of Moringa oleífera tissue extracts. Phytotherapy Research 6(9): 1366-1370.
Schneider, E. 2001. Vegetables from Amaranth to Zucchini: The Essential Reference. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-688-15260-0.
Sharma, P., Kumari, P., Srivastava, M.M., Srivastava, S. 2006. Removal of cadmium from aqueous system by shelled Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder. Bioresource Technology 97: 299–305.
Siddhuraju, P., Becker, K. 2003. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agro-climatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 15: 2144–2155.
Waikar, S.S., Bonventre, J.V. 2006. Can we rely on Blood urea nitrogen as biomarker to determine when to initiate dialysis? Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology 1: 903–904.
Wiwanitkit, V. 2001. High serum alkaline phosphatase levels, a study in 181 Thai adult hospitalized patients. British Medical Compendi
