INHERITANCE PATTERN OF YELLOW FOLIAGE COLOUR AND ACTIVITIES OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT IN COWPEA Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v10i2.1398Keywords:
Cowpea, Yellow foliage, Transposable element, Mutation, and InstabilityAbstract
Foliage colour may affect the photosynthetic activities of a plant and consequently yield. Differences in the green foliage colour of plants often reflect differences in chlorophyll concentration of the leaves. This study investigated the inheritance pattern of a yellow foliage mutant in cowpea. Seeds of a nuclear yellow foliage mutant and three green foliage cowpea lines were planted in plastic buckets filled with garden soil on the roof top garden of Department of crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria and crossed to produce six generations per cross comprising parents, F1, F2 and BC. The various generations were and on the field at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and data were collected on phenotypic traits. The nuclear yellow foliage mutant segregated in the ratio 3green:1yellow, thus indicating that the trait was controlled by monogenic recessive gene. Some F2 and BC plants of the yellow foliage mutant exhibited variegation for leaf colour indicating gene instability resulting from the action of transposable element. The frequencies of reversion from the yellow to green of F3 progenies vary widely within and between progeny rows. Of a total of 309 individual plants that were scored, 55% were variegated, 23% were green while 22% exhibited the yellow phenotype. The gene symbol yfc-3 was assigned to the recessive condition, while yfc-3un was assigned to the unstable allele of yellow foliage.
References
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Saunders, A.R. 1960. Inheritance in the cowpea (Vigna sinensis). 2: Seed coat colour pattern, flower, plant and pod colour. South African Journal of Agricultural Science, 3: 141 – 162.
Sen, N.K., Bhowal, J.G. 1961. Genetics of Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi. Genetica 32: 247 – 266.
Stagginus, C., Winter, P., Desel, C., Schmidt, T., Kahl, G.. 2001. Molecular structure and chromosomal localization of major repetitive DNA families in the chicken pea [Cicer arietinum (L.) ] genome. Plant Molecular Biology, 39: 1037-1050.
Suiter, A.K., Wendel, F.J., Case, J.S.. 1983. Linkage-1: A PASCAL computer programme for the detection and analysis of genetic linkage. Journal of Heredity, 74: 203 – 204.
Talbert, L.E., Bingham, E.T. 1989. Genetic characterization of mutable allele in
alfalfa [ Medicago sativa (L.) ]. Journal of Heredity, 80: 407- 410.
Vershinin. A.V., Allnutt, T.R., Knox,
M.R., Ambrose, M.J., Ellis, T.H. 2003. Transposable elements reveal the impact of introgression rather than transposition in Pisum diversity, evolution and domestication. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20: 2067-2075.
Xu, M., Palmer, R.G. 2006. Genetic analysis of 4 new mutants at the unstable K2 Mdh 1- n y20 chromosomal region in soybean. Journal of Heredity, 97: 423- 427.
Delool, R.H., Tilney-Bassett, R.A.E. 1986. Germinal reversion in three variegated leaf mutants of Antirrhinum majus (L.) Journal of Heredity, 7: 236-40.
Fawole, I. 1988. A nonpetiolate leaf mutant in cowpea. (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Journal of Heredity, 79: 484 – 487.
Fawole, I. 2001a. Maternal inheritance of plant variegation in Cowpea V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102: 458 – 462.
Fawole, I. 2001. Genetic analysis of mutations at loci controlling leaf form in cowpea V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. Journal of Heredity, 92: 43 – 50.
Fawole, I. 2003. Genetic characterization of four mutations affecting foliage colour in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Journal of Genetic and Breeding, 58: 371- 378.
Fedoroff, N. 1983. Mobile genetic elements. In: Controlling element in maize. (ed.) Shapiro, J. New York Academic press. Pp. 1-63.
Fincham, J.R.S., Sastry, G.R.K. 1974. Controlling elements in maize. Annual Review of Genetics, 8: 15-50.
Galum, E. 2003. Transposable elements. A guide to the perplexed and novice with appendices on RNAi, chromatin remodeling and gene tagging. Academic publishers Dordrecht /Boston/ London. Pp 1-335.
Garber, k., Bilic, I., Pusch, O., Tohme, J., Bachmair, A., Schweizer, D., Jantsch, V. 1999. The Tpv2 family of retrotransposons of Phaseolus vulgaris: structure, integration, characteristics and use for genotype classification. Plant Molecular Biology, 39: 797-804.
Groose, R.W., Weigelt, H.D., Palmer, R.g. 1988. Somatic analysis of an unstable mutation for anthocyanin pigmentation in Soybean. Journal of Heredity, 79: 263- 267.
He, Z.H., J.X. Li., P.C., Ronald, R. 2000. The rice Rim 2 transcript accumulates in response to Magnaporthe grisea and its predicted protein product shares similarities with TNP2- like encoded by CACTA transposons. Molecular Genetics, 264: 2-10.
Kehinde, O.B., Myers, G.O. Fawole, I. 1997. Analysis of genetic linkage in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 20: 75- 82.
Kirchhoff, V.R., Hall, A.E., Roose, I.M. 1989. Inheritance of mutation influencing chlorophyll content and composition in cowpea. Crop Science, 29: 105-108.
Kolade, O.A., Fawole, Ingrelbrecht, I. 2012. Molecular characterization of transposable elements in cowpea, V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Ph.D Thesis). Universiy of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria.
Kolhe, A.K. 1970. Genetic studies in Vigna species. Poona Agricultural College Magazine, 59: 126 – 137.
Lee, J. J., S.J. Kwon., K.C. Park., Kim, N.S. 2005. Isaac – CACTA transposons: new genetic markers in maize and sorghum. Genome, 48: 455-460.
Lightbourn, G.J., Griesbach, R.J., Novotny, J.A., Clevidence, B.A., Rao, D.D. 2008. Effects of anthocyanin and carotenoid combination on foliage and immature fruit colour of Capsicun annuum L. Journal of Heredity, 99: 105- 111.
Loomis, R.S., William, W.A. 1963. Maximum crop productivity: An estimate. Crop Science, 3: 67 – 72.
McClintock, B. 1951. Chromosome, organization and genic expression. Coldspring. Harbor. Symposium. Quantitative Biology, 16: 13-47.
McClintock, B. 1953. Induction of instability at selected loci in maize. Genetics, 38: 579-599.
McClintock, B. 1956. Controlling Elements and the Gene. Coldspring. Harbor. Symposium. Quantitative Biology, 21: 197- 216.
Nelson, O.E. 1967. Biochemical genetics of higher plants. Annual Review of Genetics, 1: 245 – 265
Nevers, P., Shepherd, N., Saedler, H. 1986. Plant transposable elements. Advances in Botanical Research, 12: 102-203.
Oluwatosin, O.B. 1997. Inheritance and instability of gene controlling anthocyanin pigmentation, seed coat colour and leaf form in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Ph.D Thesis). Universiy of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria.
Palmer, R.G., Burzlaff, J.D., Shoemaker, R.G. 2000. Genetic analyses of two independent chlorpphyll deficient mutants identified among the progeny of a single chimeric foliage soybean plant. Journal of Heredity, 91: 297- 303.
Peterson, P.A. 1986. Mobile elements in maize. Plant Breeding Review, 4: 81-112.
Peterson, P.A., Weber, C.R. 1969. An unstable locus in soybeans. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 39: 156-162.
Porbeni, J.B., Fawole, I. 2009. Cytoplasmic and nuclear inheritance of some mutations and their effects on agronomic traits of cowpea, V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Ph.D Thesis). Universiy of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria.
Saunders, A.R. 1960. Inheritance in the cowpea (Vigna sinensis). 2: Seed coat colour pattern, flower, plant and pod colour. South African Journal of Agricultural Science, 3: 141 – 162.
Sen, N.K., Bhowal, J.G. 1961. Genetics of Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi. Genetica 32: 247 – 266.
Stagginus, C., Winter, P., Desel, C., Schmidt, T., Kahl, G.. 2001. Molecular structure and chromosomal localization of major repetitive DNA families in the chicken pea [Cicer arietinum (L.) ] genome. Plant Molecular Biology, 39: 1037-1050.
Suiter, A.K., Wendel, F.J., Case, J.S.. 1983. Linkage-1: A PASCAL computer programme for the detection and analysis of genetic linkage. Journal of Heredity, 74: 203 – 204.
Talbert, L.E., Bingham, E.T. 1989. Genetic characterization of mutable allele in
alfalfa [ Medicago sativa (L.) ]. Journal of Heredity, 80: 407- 410.
Vershinin. A.V., Allnutt, T.R., Knox,
M.R., Ambrose, M.J., Ellis, T.H. 2003. Transposable elements reveal the impact of introgression rather than transposition in Pisum diversity, evolution and domestication. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20: 2067-2075.
Xu, M., Palmer, R.G. 2006. Genetic analysis of 4 new mutants at the unstable K2 Mdh 1- n y20 chromosomal region in soybean. Journal of Heredity, 97: 423- 427.
