Evaluation of the Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Crude Methanolic Extract of leaves of ocimum gratissimum L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v9i1.1068Keywords:
Ocimum gratissimum, antimicrobial activity, Phytochemical, Minimum inhibitory concentration.Abstract
Methonolic extract of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. was investigated for its phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins and terpenoids in high concentrations (+++). Reducing sugars, glycosides and tannins occurred in moderate amounts (++) while saponins, flavonoids and steroids were present in low concentrations (+). The leaf extract was devoid of alkaloids, resins, oils and acidic compounds (-). Bacillus subtilis was the only microorganism sensitive to the leaf extract and had an inhibition zone diameter of 12.5mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against B. subtilis was 100 mg/ml. The antibacterial potential of this plant part which can be exploited in the future for its bioactive constituents has thus been demonstrated.
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Adegboye, M.F., Akinpely, D.A., Okoh, A.I. 2008. The bioactive and phytochemical properties of Garcinia kola seed extract on some pathogens. Afri. J. Biotech., 7(21): 3934 – 3938.
Adiguzel, A., Sahin, F., Karaman, I., Gulluce, M. 2005. Antimicrobial effects of Ocimum basilicum extract. Turk. J. Biology, 29: 155-160.
Akpan, E.J., Usoh, I.E. 2004. Phytochemical screening and effect of aqueous root extract of Raphia hookeri on metabolic clearance rate of ethanol in rabbits. Biokemistri, 16(1): 37 – 42.
Baron, J.E., Finegold, S.M. 1990. Method for testing antimicrobial effectiveness. In: Bailey Scotts Diagnostic Microbiology. Mosby, C.V. (ed.), Missouri. pp 171 – 194.
Banso, A., Adeyemo, S.O. 2007. The phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of ethanolic extract of Dracaena mannii. Nig. J. Biotech., 18(1–2): 27 – 32.
Boakye – Yiadom, I.K. 1979. Antimicrobial activity of two flavonones isolated from the Cameroonian plant Erythrinna sigmoidea. Plant Medica, 54(2): 126 – 212.
Cowman, M.N. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Review, 12(4): 564 – 582.
Edeoga, H.O., Okwu, D.E. Mbaebie, B.O. 2005. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian Medicinal Plants. Afri. J. Biotech., 4(7): 685 – 688.
Falodun, A., Okunrobo, L.O., Uzoamaka, N. 2006. Phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory evaluation of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla. Afri. J. Biotech., 5(6): 529 – 531.
Harbone, N.V. 1994. Phytochemical methods. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, London. p. 425.
Harjula, F.A. 1980. Characteristics of chemotypes as found in the chemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum. Pharmacology, 81(2): 61 – 80.
Iwu, E.C. 1993. Ethnobotanical importance of some Nigerian plants. Jour. Ethnomedicine, 55: 893 – 906.
Junaid, S.A. 2006. The antimicrobial properties of Ocimum gratissimum extracts on some selected bacterial gastrointestinal isolates. African J. Biotech., 5(22): 2315 – 2321.
Kokwara, V.D. 1993. Importance of Ocimum gratissimum on blocked nostrils. Nig. J. Pharmacology, 100: 560 – 570.
Lorian, V. 2000. Antibiotic in Laboratory Medicine. Wolters Kluwer Health, Philadelphia. 832 p.
Mbata, T.I., Saika, A. 2008. Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Ocimum gratissimum on Listeria monocytogenes. The Internet J. Microbiology, 4(2): 1 – 13.
Nwadiaro, P.O., Nwachukwu, I. 2007. Inhibition of pathogenic fungi by ethnobotanical extracts of Cymbopogon citrates, Ceiba pentandra and Loranthus bengwelensis. Nig. J. Biotech., 18(1-2): 61 – 65.
Nweze, E.I., Okafor, J.I., Njoku, O. 2004. Antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract of Trema guineensis and Morinda incida used in Nigeria Herbal medicinal practice. J. Biol. Res. Biotech., 2(1): 39 – 46.
Oboh, F.O.J., Masodje, H.I. 2009. Nutritional and antimicrobial properties of Ocimum gratissimum leaves. J. Biol. Sciences., 9(4): 377 – 380.
Ogbonna, A.I., Makut, M.D., Gyar, S.D., Adamu, E.U. 2007. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the seeds of Ricinus communis. Nig. J. Biotech., 18(1-2): 40 – 43.
Onajobi, F.D. 1986. Smooth muscle contracting lipid soluble principles in chromatographic fractions of Ocimum gratissimum. J. Ethno-pharmacol, 18: 3 – 11.
Trease, G.E., Evans, W.C. 1989. Pharmacognosy. 13th ed. Bailliere Tindall Ltd., London. pp 350 – 389.
UNESCO 1996. Culture and Health Orientation Texts. World Decade for Cultural Development 1988 – 1997, Document CLT/DEC/PRO – 1996, Paris, France p. 129.
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