Key Issues In Livelihoods Security Of Migrant Fulani Pastoralists: Empirical Evidence From Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

The study presents empirical evidence on issues related to the security of pastoralists’ livelihoods in southwest Nigeria, with an understanding that their migrant status will affect secured access to basic natural resources required for survival of their herds and as well livelihoods sustenance.  Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 120 Fulani pastoralists from three States (Ogun, Oyo and Ekiti) on livelihoods, perceived sources of vulnerability and indicators of livelihood security. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in the Fulanis settlements using a semi-structured checklist while quantitative data were collected using interview guide. The assessment of livelihoods assets’ security was based on Macqueen’s asset enumeration method. The asset assessment shows that Fulanis have unsecured livelihoods due to unsecured access to grazing resources. A scoring of identified indicators shows that peaceful coexistence with Yoruba host communities (z = 1.7) and collective action (z = 0.6) have higher probability of being selected as livelihood security indicators. Poor access to land for grazing and water inadequacy were perceived as major sources of livelihood vulnerability. Reduction of Fulanis’ vulnerability through secured rights on land, enhancement in the efficiency of existing livelihoods, improvement in livelihoods asset are imperative for livelihoods security.