MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AMONG SOME CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ) VARIETIES EVALUATED IN IBADAN, SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA
Keywords:
Morphological traits, Genetic diversity, Manihot esculenta, Identification, SelectionAbstract
Cassava is a highly heterogeneous crop; hence, there exists high diversity among different genotypes in their response to different biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Morphological variation among cassava genotypes, which depicts their genetic diversity, had proven useful and cost effective in identification and selection of cassava varieties by farmers and in breeding programmes. The morphological variation also affects to an extent level of adoption by farmers because these traits determine how each cassava variety fits into the prevailing cropping system in each locality. This study assessed the genetic diversity among ninety-three (93) cassava varieties based on their morphological characteristics. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, during the 2021 cropping season. The cassava varieties were planted following a randomized complete block design with two replicates. Data were collected monthly on plant height, height at first branching point, canopy diameter and number of branches per plant from 2-5 months after planting. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics; correlation, and principal component analyses. The main traits responsible for variation among the cassava varieties were plant height, canopy diameter and number of branches. The varieties were grouped into three major clusters. The first three principal components accounted for about 77.41% of the total variation observed. Meanwhile, plant height correlated positively with all the evaluated morphological parameters. The existing variation among the cassava varieties for the morphological traits studied can be explored for selection and improvement of the crop.
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