GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF POST-WEANED PIGS FED WITH DIETS CONTAINING HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA PEEL AND SOYA BEAN MEAL
Keywords:
Piglets, Back fat, Blood Urea Nitrogen, White Blood Cells, Feed costAbstract
A major challenge facing profitable swine production in Sub-saharan Africa is the high cost of conventional feed ingredients such as maize. High Quality Cassava Peel (HQCP) has demonstrated considerable potential as an alternative energy source. However, inclusion of HQCP in swine diets often results in crude protein deficit, necessitating supplementation. This study evaluated the growth performance of post-weaned pigs fed diets containing HQCP with and without soya bean meal (SBM) supplementation. In a completely randomized design, 30 post-weaned pigs were assigned to 5 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 3 replicates with 2 animals per replicate. The 5 treatments were T1: (Control diet) which had no HQCP; T2: 15% HQCP without soya bean meal supplementation; T3: 30% HQCP without soya bean meal supplementation; T4: 15% HQCP with soya bean meal supplementation and T5: 30% HQCP with soya bean meal supplementation. The study lasted 42 days during which performance and economic indices were recorded. Final body weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio did not differ (p<0.05) significantly with the dietary treatments. Feed intake was significantly (p< 0.05) influenced, with highest intake from the pigs on the control diet (88.50 kg) and the lowest from pigs on 30% HQCP without soya bean meal supplementation (74.40 kg). Back fat thickness varied significantly; with leaner carcasses observed in pigs fed HQCP-containing diets than pigs on the control diet. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels differed (p<0.05) significantly across treatments; with the lowest levels in pigs on the control diet (13.11 mg/dL) and highest in pigs on 30% HQCP with soya bean meal supplementation (15.61 mg/dL). White Blood Cell count was significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 4700.00 × 10³/μL in pigs on the control diet to 3416.67 × 10³/μL in pigs on 30% HQCP with soya bean meal supplementation Total feed cost and cost/kilogramme weight gain were affected by dietary treatments; with the most economical performance from pigs on 30% HQCP without soya bean meal supplementation (₦1,705.68/kg gain). Inclusion of 30% level of HQCP (without soya bean meal supplementation) in diets of post-weaned pigs is a safe, cost-effective and physiologically compatible alternative to maize in post-weaned pig diets.
References
Adesehinwa, A. O. K., Samireddypalle, A., Fatufe, A. A., Ajayi, E. O., Boladuro, B. O., and Okike, I. 2016. High quality cassava peel fine mash as energy source for growing pigs: Effect on growth performance, cost of production and blood parameters. Livestock Research for Rural Development 28(11): http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd28/11/ades28207.html
Adesehinwa, A. O., Boladuro, B. A., Dunmade, A. S., Idowu, A. B., Moreki, J. C., & Wachira, A. M. 2024. Pig production in Africa: current status, challenges, prospects and opportunities. Animal Bioscience 37(4): 730.
Amaza, I. B. 2021. Determination of proximate composition, amino acids, minerals and phytochemical profile of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels from sweet cassava variety grown in Yobe State of Northeast Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48(1): 124 – 134.
AOAC 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemist International, Washington (D.C.).
Ball, M. E. E., Magowan, E., McCracken, K. J., Beattie, V. E., Bradford, R., Gordon, F. J. and Henry, W. 2013. The effect of level of crude protein and available lysine on finishing pig performance, nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Sciences 26(4): 564.
Duncan DB 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test, Biometrics 11: 1-42, edition.
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). 2020. Waste to wealth: Innovation turning cassava peels into a growing new industry. https://www.ilri.org/news/waste-wealth-innovation-turning-cassava-peels-growing-new-industry
Jain, N. C. 1993. Essentials of veterinary hematology. Lea & Febiger.
Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W., & Bruss, M. L. 2008. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals (6th ed.). Academic Press.
Kiarie, E. 2008. Dietary means for enhanced gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: an evaluation of carbohydrase enzymes targeting non-starch polysaccharides. Ph.D Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Manitoba. 243 pp.
Kong, C. and Adeola, O. 2014. Evaluation of amino acid and energy utilization in feedstuff for swine and poultry diets. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Sciences 27(7): 917.
National Research Council (NRC) (2012). Nutrient Requirements of Swine (11th ed.). National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13298
Oduguwa, O. O., Fanimo, A. O. and Ogunnaike, T. O. 2007. Response of weaned pigs to different dietary levels of cassava peel and palm kernel cake mixture. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34(2): 191–198.
Ogunjobi, F. V., Adeyemi, M. A. and Akinfala, E. O. 2021. Evaluation of prebiotic activities of conventional fibre feedstuffs in the diets of growing-finishing pigs. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48(1):76–90. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2901
Sakomura, N. K., and Rostagno, H. S. 2007. Modeling energy utilization in broiler breeders, laying hens and broilers. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 36(Suppl.): 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982007001000026
SAS 2002. SAS User’s Guide Statistics. Version 9, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.
van Milgen, J., & Dourmad, J. Y. 2015. Concept and application of ideal protein for pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 6:1-11.
Zheng, L., Wu, H., Cheng, C., Xiang, Q., Pang, J. and Peng, J. 2016. Supplementation of branched chain amino acids to a reduced-protein diet improves growth performance in piglets: Involvement of increased feed intake and direct muscle growth-promoting effect. British Journal of Nutrition 115: 2236 – 2245.
