CATTLE HANDLING, HYGIENE AND SLAUGHTERING TECHNIQUES IN SELECTED CATTLE MARKETS IN ABEOKUTA AND ENVIRONS, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i2.1705Keywords:
Cattle, handling, hygiene, slaughtering, beef, microbial count, AbeokutaAbstract
The handling, hygiene and slaughtering techniques of cattle in selected cattle markets of Atokun, Randa and Odo-Eran in Abeokuta and environs, Ogun state, Nigeria were assessed. Questionnaires were administered with personal visits to cattle handlers to assess the handling practices and relevant information relating to cattle welfare and slaughtering. Data obtained from this study on the cattle handlers, showed that the literacy level of the rearers and butchers was low, with majority (48.90%) having primary education. The general sanitary conditions at the cattle markets in addition to hygienic practices by the butchers were generally poor. Handling of cattle from the lairage to slaughter slabs was unethical, with the employment of humane practices in the rearing, handling, transporting and slaughtering of cattle rarely observed across the cattle markets. High range of total bacteria count of 6.50 and 8.40 x 105cfu/g and coliform counts of 4.28 to 4.85 x 105cfu/g were observed in the thirty (30) beef samples collected across cattle markets with major isolated organisms being Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp. across the abattoirs under study. Results of this study suggest that the welfare of animals in the selected cattle markets is inadequate due to poor housing facilities, inadequate feeding, low medical attention and low literacy level of handlers as well as indiscriminate slaughtering resulting to contamination of beef cuts of the carcass from which they are derived.
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Talabi, A.O., Oyekunle, M.A. and Soremekun, A.N. 2003: A comparative study of the efficacies of two brands of Ivermectin on gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 24 (3):26-29.
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Adetunji, V.O., Odetokun, I.A. 2011. Bacterial Hazards and Critical Control Points in Goat Processing at a Typical Tropical Abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 3(4): 249-254.
Adesemoye A.O., Opere B.O., and Makinde S.C.O. 2006. Microbial content of abbatoir wastewater and its contaminated soil in Lagos, Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(20):1963-1968.
Adeyemo, O.K., Adedeji L.O., Aiki-Raji, C.O. 2002. The water quality and sanitary conditions in a major abattoir (Bodija) in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal Biomedical Research, 5: 51-55.
Adeyemo O.K., Adeyemi I.G., Awosanya E.J. 2009. Cattle cruelty and risks of meat contamination at Akinyele cattle market and slaughter slab in Oyo State, Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 41(8):1715-21.
Adubi A.A., Aromolaran A.B. 1998. Cattle/Beef marketing in Lagos; Practices, projections and prospects for the year 2010. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production Conference held in Abeokuta, Nigeria. pp 111–112.
Adzitey, F., Teye, G.A., Kutah W.N., Adday S. 2010. Microbial quality of chevon and mutton sold in Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management 14 (4) 53 – 55.
Ajogi I., Kabir J., Okolocha E.C., Luga I.I., Dzikwi A.A., Egege S.C., Umoh J.U., Adesiyun A.A., Aganga A.O., Dusai D.H.M., Ezeifeka G.O., Kwaga J.K.P., Lombin L.H., Mosimabale F.O., Oni O.O. 2005. Manual for Clinics in Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. (3rd edition). Published by Asekome & Co, Zaria Nigeria. Pp 17-23.
Alonge, D.A, 2005. Textbook of Meat and Milk Hygiene. Farmcoe Press, Ibadan. Pp 339 – 362.
Bhandare, S.G., A.T. Sherikar, A.M. Paturkar,V.S. Waskar, R.J. Zende 2007. A comparison of microbial contamination on sheep/goat carcasses in a modern Indian abattoir and traditional meat shops. Food Control, 18: 854-858.
Broom D.M., Johnson K.G., 2000. Stress and Animal Welfare. Dordrecht (The Netherlands), Kluwer, 211 p.
Cheesbrough M. 2003. Medical Laboratory Manual. Tropical Health Technology, Low priced Edition. Doddington, Cambridgeshire, England, pp. 20-35.
Christensen S.G. 1996. An overview of food safety situation for the human population in African developing countries: A Veterinary Public Health approach. In: Lindberg R, editor. Veterinary Medicine - Impact on human health and nutrition in Africa. SIPATH, Uppsala.
Daodu, M.O., Babayemi O. J., Iyayi E.A. 2009. Herd composition and management practices of cattle production by pastoralists in Oyo area of Southwest Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development 21 (5).
Fraser D. 2008. Toward a global perspective on farm animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 113 (4): 330 – 339.
Galland, J.C. 1997. Risks and prevention of contamination of beef carcasses during slaughter process in the United States of America, Revue Scientifique et Technique, 16: (2): 395-404.
Johansson, L., 1983. A survey of the hygiene quality of beef and pork. Arcasses Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 24: 1-13.
Kadariya J., Smith T.C., Thapahya D. 2014. Staphylococcuss aureus and Staphylococcal food borne disease. An on - going challenge to public health. Biomedical Research International, Article ID 827965, pp. 1-9.
Lawan M.K., Temala A., Bello M., Adamu J. 2011. Effects of time of meat purchase on the level of microbial contamination of beef from retail points in Samaru market, Zaria- Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science 9(1): 18-21.
Lawrie R.A. 1984. The preservation effect of smoke on meat. Meat Science, Pergaman Press, Inc. Maxwell House Fair view park - Elmford, New York, pp. 49-52.
Minka N.S., Ayo J.O. 2007. Effects of loading behaviour and road transport stress on traumatic injuries in cattle transported by road during the hot-dry season. Livestock Science, 107 (1): 91 – 95.
Morrisey P.A., Sheehy P.J.A., Galvin K., Kerry J.P. 1998. Lipid stability in meat and meat products. Meat Science, 49:73-86
Mukhopadhyay, H,K., Pillai R.M, Pal U.K., Ajay, V.J. 2009 . Microbial quality of fresh chevon and beef in retail outlets of Pondicherry, Tamilnadu. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 5(1):33-36.
Ojo, S.A., 2004. A survey of pathological conditions in slaughtered goats at Zaria slaughter houses. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 51(2): 165-173.
Okoli I.C., Aladi N.O., Etuk E.B., Opara M.N., Anyanwu G.C., Okeudo N.J. 2005. Current facts about the animal food products safety situation in Nigeria. Ecology Food and Nutrition; 44:359–373.
Oluwafemi R.A., Edugbo O.M., Solanke E.O., Akinyeye A.J. 2013. Meat quality, nutrition, security and public health. A review of beef processing practices in Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(5):96-99.
Restall 1981. Blood splash in rams – A preliminary study using one stage prothrombin test. Meat Science, 5: 125 – 129.
Schneider K.R., Parish M.E., Goodrich R.M. and Cookigham T. 2004. Preventing foodborne illness; Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis. Document FSHN04-05, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Florida cooperative extension, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, pp.1-6
Sharma, N.K., Saini, S.S., Gill, J.P.S and Kwatra, M.S. 1993. Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in uncooked cock-tail sausages at retail level and its public health significance. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 63:112-114.
Sulieman A., Jackson E.L. and Rushton J. 2015. Challenges of pastoral cattle production in sub-humid zone of Nigeria, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47 (6):1177-85.
Talabi, A.O., Oyekunle, M.A. and Soremekun, A.N. 2003: A comparative study of the efficacies of two brands of Ivermectin on gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 24 (3):26-29.
Tawah C.L., Rege J.E.D. 1996: White Fulani Cattle of West and Central Africa. Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin, 17:
